{"id":14260,"date":"2025-10-22T16:21:14","date_gmt":"2025-10-22T14:21:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/?p=14260"},"modified":"2025-10-22T16:21:14","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T14:21:14","slug":"media","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/media\/","title":{"rendered":"Egypt: Developing the Media\u2026 or Developing Tools of Persecution?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"72\" data-end=\"363\">While Egyptian media institutions intensify their efforts to draft a roadmap for \u201cdeveloping the media system\u201d in line with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.presidency.eg\/ar\/%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1\/%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9\/news1082025\/\">presidential directives,<\/a> incidents of journalists being pursued and arrested continue to occur, exposing a stark contradiction between official rhetoric and reality.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"365\" data-end=\"971\">In recent weeks, journalist <a href=\"https:\/\/ejs.org.eg\/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1\/19398\">Safaa El-Korabiji w<\/a>as arrested over social media posts, while <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/khaled.elbalshy1\/?locale=ar_AR\">Mohamed Taher,<\/a> a journalist at <em data-start=\"494\" data-end=\"515\">Al-Akhbar Al-Masa\u2019i<\/em>, was detained last Saturday morning before being later released on bail. His arrest followed a complaint filed against him by Ahmed Khamees,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/entertainment_media\/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA-%D8%B6%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1-%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%B9%D9%84-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86?amp\"> Assistant Minister<\/a> of Tourism and Antiquities, under case number 7629\/2025 (Obour Misdemeanor Court). The two incidents have reignited public debate over the boundaries of freedom of expression and the safety of journalism in Egypt\u2014at a moment officially described as one of \u201ccomprehensive media reform.\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"973\" data-end=\"1468\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/photo\/?fbid=1219266200234924&amp;set=a.146644910830397\">Ministry of Tourism<\/a> and Antiquities, through its official Facebook page, denied submitting any complaints against journalists, asserting that such allegations were \u201cbaseless\u201d and that neither the minister nor the ministry had taken legal action against any journalist. The statement came in response to a declaration issued by the Journalists Syndicate concerning the arrest of Mohamed Taher, which had suggested that the incident followed a complaint made by the minister himself.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"1470\" data-end=\"2062\">Later, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/khaled.elbalshy1\/posts\/pfbid029NS7TdXQ7poK4qFkoydMmU7FL4YHLWXK42szA9t49Dwnnp1eAJcLWTvJk32h7ducl?locale=ar_AR\">the Syndicate President<\/a> clarified that he received a phone call from Dr. Sherif Fathy, Minister of Tourism and Antiquities, who affirmed that he had not filed any complaint and that he would submit a grievance to the Syndicate the following day against those who had implicated his name in the report. The minister emphasized his rejection of dealing with journalists through legal complaints. The Syndicate President added that he had conveyed the union\u2019s objection to the way Taher was treated, while the minister maintained that he bore no responsibility for the incident.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"2064\" data-end=\"2618\">In a related development, on October 13, the Supreme State Security Prosecution renewed the detention of journalist Safaa El-Korbeigi for 15 more days pending investigations. She had been arrested on October 6 and referred to the State Security Prosecution, which charged her with \u201cjoining a terrorist group\u201d and \u201cspreading false news.\u201d According to Eman Aouf, head of both the Freedoms and Women\u2019s Committees at the Journalists Syndicate, El-Korbeigi had previously been imprisoned on the same charges for nearly two years.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"2620\" data-end=\"2831\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">During the past five months, more than 12 journalists have been interrogated\u2014some by the prosecution, others by different authorities\u2014according to what the head of the Freedoms Committee told Zawia3.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"2620\" data-end=\"2831\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"QUiiA2FCKP\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/other-opinion\/\">The President Calls for \u201cFreedom of Expression\u201d\u2026 Officials Respond: No Room for Criticism<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;The President Calls for \u201cFreedom of Expression\u201d\u2026 Officials Respond: No Room for Criticism&#8221; &#8212; \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\" src=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/other-opinion\/embed\/#?secret=DUbDj25idr#?secret=QUiiA2FCKP\" data-secret=\"QUiiA2FCKP\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"2620\" data-end=\"2831\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10309\" src=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"4269\" height=\"376\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629.png 4269w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629-300x26.png 300w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629-1024x90.png 1024w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629-768x68.png 768w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629-1536x135.png 1536w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629-2048x180.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4269px) 100vw, 4269px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"17\">Publication<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"19\" data-end=\"767\">In her interview with <em data-start=\"41\" data-end=\"49\">Zawia3<\/em>, Eman Aouf, head of the Freedoms Committee at the Journalists Syndicate, recounted the details of what journalist Mohamed Taher had faced. She explained that Taher was the first to report the theft of the <em data-start=\"267\" data-end=\"287\">Pharaonic bracelet<\/em> after obtaining the information from his sources on September 9. Just one day after the publication, on September 13, the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities filed a complaint requesting an investigation into the incident, which was followed by a prosecution order to detain the responsible employee and several others involved. This, Aouf noted, confirmed the accuracy of the journalist\u2019s reporting and proved that his information was neither false nor misleading.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"769\" data-end=\"1126\">Aouf added that, later that same month, following the bracelet story, Taher published a new piece about the theft of an archaeological artifact known as the <em data-start=\"926\" data-end=\"946\">Four Seasons Stele<\/em> from one of the museums\u2014an incident that had occurred about four months earlier. This prompted the ministry to file another complaint and open a new investigation into the case.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"1128\" data-end=\"1810\">The Freedoms Committee head continued that the journalist was summoned by the Cybercrime Investigation Department for what he was told would be an \u201cinformal conversation,\u201d but soon discovered that it had turned into a formal interrogation. His mobile phone was confiscated without a warrant, and he was detained for more than four hours before being referred to the Obour Prosecution. Neither the Syndicate nor its representatives were notified of his summoning or interrogation, which Aouf described as a clear violation of the law and of the Public Prosecutor\u2019s directives requiring the presence of the Syndicate President\u2014or his delegate\u2014in all press-related cases.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"1812\" data-end=\"2245\">Aouf submitted three formal requests to the prosecution: first, to declare the investigation null and void for failure to notify the Syndicate; second, to object to the seizure of Taher\u2019s phone, as it threatens the confidentiality of journalistic sources; and third, to object to the imposition of financial bail in publishing cases, since the law stipulates that journalists should be released solely on the Syndicate\u2019s guarantee.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"2247\" data-end=\"2628\">During questioning, the prosecution confronted Taher with nearly nine Facebook posts he had published, all addressing alleged corruption and administrative irregularities within the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. Following the investigation, the prosecution decided to release him on bail of 2,000 pounds ($41.67), meaning that the case remains open, according to Aouf.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"2630\" data-end=\"3487\">She further noted that the issue of bail in publishing cases has escalated in recent months, with amounts ranging between 2,000 and 10,000 pounds ($41.67\u2013$208.33). This, she said, represents a new and troubling precedent, since financial bail was never applied in press-related cases. Traditionally, journalists accused in publishing cases are to be released on the Syndicate\u2019s guarantee, pledging to appear for questioning whenever summoned, without the need to pay bail. She also described the confiscation of Taher\u2019s mobile phone and treating it as a piece of evidence as a dangerous and unprecedented development in the handling of journalists, given the serious risks it poses to the safety and confidentiality of their sources. She stressed that such measures had not been previously practiced in publication or journalistic investigation cases.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"3489\" data-end=\"3921\">It is worth noting that in August 2025, the State Security Prosecution ordered the release of Lina Attalah, Editor-in-Chief of <em data-start=\"3628\" data-end=\"3639\">Mada Masr<\/em>, on bail of 30,000 pounds ($625) pending case no. 6182\/2025 (State Security), after interrogating her on charges of \u201cspreading false news\u201d and \u201coperating an unlicensed website,\u201d in connection with a report about conditions inside <em data-start=\"3878\" data-end=\"3893\">Badr 3 Prison<\/em> published by <em data-start=\"3907\" data-end=\"3918\">Mada Masr<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"3923\" data-end=\"4365\">In May, the Supreme State Security Prosecution also ordered the release of journalist and broadcaster Rasha Kandil, following her interrogation in case no. 4196\/2025 (State Security). According to human rights lawyer Khaled Ali, Kandil faced 31 complaints filed by citizens from various governorates and professions, with nearly identical wording and targeting the same articles and investigations she had published.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"4367\" data-end=\"4888\">Aouf criticized the statements made by the Minister of Antiquities regarding Taher\u2019s case, describing them as \u201ccatastrophic.\u201d She asserted that the minister\u2019s denial of involvement in filing the complaint does not absolve him of political or moral responsibility, asking: \u201cIs it reasonable for a ministry employee to file a complaint against a journalist without the minister\u2019s knowledge? And how can a journalist be investigated while no inquiry is opened against the employee implicated in a corruption incident?\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"4890\" data-end=\"5398\">She further noted that the current minister had previously taken similar actions against other journalists and creative professionals, including a young artist who was suspended for using artificial intelligence tools in an artwork promoting the opening of the Egyptian Museum. Aouf argued that the ministry demonstrates a hostile stance toward transparency and the circulation of information, at a time when incidents of theft and negligence inside museums and archaeological storerooms continue to recur.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"5400\" data-end=\"5832\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">In her concluding remarks, Aouf told <em data-start=\"5437\" data-end=\"5445\">Zawia3<\/em>: \u201cJournalist Mohamed Taher has been covering the antiquities beat for more than 15 years. His writings are meant to alert officials, not to defame anyone. Yet, it seems that warning officials has become grounds for prosecution rather than action. It would have been better for the ministry to pursue the corrupt if it truly had spare time, instead of chasing journalists and creatives.\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"5400\" data-end=\"5832\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"5400\" data-end=\"5832\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10309\" src=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"4269\" height=\"376\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629.png 4269w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629-300x26.png 300w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629-1024x90.png 1024w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629-768x68.png 768w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629-1536x135.png 1536w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629-2048x180.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4269px) 100vw, 4269px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"47\">Sixteen Journalists in Pretrial Detention<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"49\" data-end=\"449\">Safaa El-Korbeigi spent two years in pretrial detention between April 2022 and February 2024 over the protests of employees at the Radio and Television Building (Maspero) against the management of the National Media Authority. She was listed in Case No. 441\/2022 before being released in April 2024 as part of a group of 60 detainees held in connection with political cases.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"451\" data-end=\"782\">According to Eman Aouf, head of the Freedoms and Women\u2019s Committees at the Journalists Syndicate, the arrest of El-Korbeigi was \u201ca major shock to the journalistic community,\u201d particularly since she had already spent nearly two years in pretrial detention before being released without any court ruling issued against her.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"784\" data-end=\"1278\">Aouf noted El-Korbeigi\u2019s fragile health condition, explaining that she suffers from a physical disability resulting from polio paralysis, in addition to an unstable psychological state caused by her previous imprisonment. She told <em data-start=\"1019\" data-end=\"1027\">Zawia3<\/em>: \u201cWe had hoped that this human dimension would be taken into account and that her experience of detention would not be repeated\u2014especially in light of the President\u2019s statements about media reform and expanding the space for freedom of expression.\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"1280\" data-end=\"1561\">She continued: \u201cAlongside Safaa\u2019s case, we were surprised in recent days by the referral of most journalists held in pretrial detention\u2014a total of sixteen\u2014to trial. Currently, only Safaa El-Korbeigi remains in pretrial detention after being arrested less than two weeks ago.\u201d<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"1563\" data-end=\"1858\">According to the latest statistics from the Journalists Syndicate, there are currently 24 journalists behind bars, including four who have already been sentenced, four standing trial, and the remainder referred to court proceedings after extended periods of pretrial detention.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"1860\" data-end=\"2332\">Aouf stressed the importance of enforcing alternatives to pretrial detention as stipulated in the amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code, which were themselves advocated by the President. Among these alternatives, she noted, is allowing professional syndicates to guarantee their members, a mechanism that would alleviate the humanitarian and economic suffering of detainees and their families while preserving the state\u2019s right to pursue legal oversight.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"2334\" data-end=\"2688\">During the interrogation of journalist Safaa El-Korbeigi, the State Security Prosecution confronted her with several Facebook posts, including one discussing the Ajiba Chalets crisis in Marsa Matrouh Governorate, where the Egyptian government began demolishing chalets under the pretext of development and investment, according to Aouf.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"2690\" data-end=\"2937\">In <a href=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/agiba-chalets\/\">January 2025,<\/a> Marsa Matrouh witnessed widespread controversy, particularly among the owners of chalets in the Ajiba area, following reports that the government planned to demolish them under claims of urban development and investment.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"2939\" data-end=\"3308\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Those affected issued public appeals calling for an official clarification from the Matrouh Governorate or any relevant governmental body to explain the rationale behind the decision and dispel what they described as the \u201cambiguity surrounding the situation.\u201d They warned that the absence of transparent communication only fuels rumors and deepens public anxiety.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"2939\" data-end=\"3308\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10309\" src=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"4269\" height=\"376\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629.png 4269w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629-300x26.png 300w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629-1024x90.png 1024w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629-768x68.png 768w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629-1536x135.png 1536w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629-2048x180.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4269px) 100vw, 4269px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"62\">Prosecution and Trials in the Era of \u201cMedia Development\u201d<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"64\" data-end=\"636\">Journalist and syndicate leader Hesham Fouad believes that what is currently happening under the banner of \u201cmedia development\u201d is in fact an attempt to <em data-start=\"220\" data-end=\"230\">engineer<\/em> the media landscape\u2014much like what happens in parliamentary elections. In his words, <em data-start=\"316\" data-end=\"634\">\u201csovereign bodies are the ones deciding, through multiple means, who wins and who loses. They even select some opposition figures and exclude others, creating a scene that appears democratic\u2014with elections, parliaments, and representatives\u2014while in reality, it is the ruling authority that holds the reins of power.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"638\" data-end=\"1172\">\u201cAt the media level,\u201d Fouad continued, \u201cwe see something similar: suddenly, directives are issued from the top calling for media liberalization. Immediately, the government forms committees, which in turn spawn subcommittees for \u2018reform.\u2019 To beautify the picture, a few opposition voices are allowed to reappear. But does this signify genuine reform? Of course not.\u201d He added that true reform must be initiated by journalists themselves, through an independent press, not one steered by governmental orders or political agendas.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"1174\" data-end=\"1500\">According to Fouad, genuine reform is already well defined in the general conferences of journalists, which have consistently summarized the reform process in two indispensable pillars: freedom of the press and journalists, and liberating journalists from fear for their future through job security and fair pay.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"1502\" data-end=\"1791\">Fouad warned that ignoring these demands will only lead to further consequences: journalists spending years behind bars for their opinions, continued disregard for the appointment of temporary workers in media institutions, and the gradual dismantling of state-owned press organizations.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"1793\" data-end=\"2322\">He concluded by stressing the necessity for the journalistic community to form active pressure groups to push for the greatest possible gains for both journalism and journalists, emphasizing that real change requires collective pressure from within the profession itself. Fouad expressed doubts about the existence of any genuine political will to abandon the \u201cone-voice doctrine,\u201d asserting that the greatest challenge now lies in restoring media to its audience instead of keeping it a mere mouthpiece for those in power.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"2324\" data-end=\"2902\">In the same context, Eman Aouf maintained that media reform cannot be achieved while journalists remain behind bars, calling for an immediate halt to arrests based on opinion and for the inclusion of pluralistic voices in the public sphere. She explained that the Journalists Syndicate has repeatedly demanded the release of journalists in pretrial detention under the Syndicate\u2019s guarantee, whereby the union ensures their attendance at interrogation sessions whenever required. She described this measure as \u201ca fair and humane alternative to pretrial detention.\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"2904\" data-end=\"3218\">The Egyptian Constitution guarantees freedom of the press and freedom of expression. Article 65 states that \u201cFreedom of thought and opinion is guaranteed. Every person has the right to express his or her opinion verbally, in writing, through imagery, or by any other means of expression and publication.\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"3220\" data-end=\"3549\">Article 70 affirms that \u201cFreedom of the press, printing, publishing, and all forms of media\u2014whether in print, broadcast, audiovisual, or digital\u2014is guaranteed. Egyptians, whether natural or legal persons, public or private, have the right to own and issue newspapers and establish visual, audio, and digital media outlets.\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"3551\" data-end=\"3885\">Furthermore, Article 71 stipulates that \u201cNo form of censorship, confiscation, suspension, or closure may be imposed on Egyptian newspapers or media outlets. Censorship may only be applied in times of war or general mobilization. No custodial penalties shall be imposed for crimes committed by means of publication or publicity.\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"3887\" data-end=\"4354\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">However, despite these constitutional guarantees of the right to access information and freedom of publication, the Egyptian Parliament has yet to pass a Freedom of Information Law, despite repeated calls for its adoption under Article 68. Meanwhile, legal and administrative restrictions continue to tighten around independent journalism and digital publishing, effectively rendering the constitutional right to information paralyzed in practice<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"3887\" data-end=\"4354\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"3887\" data-end=\"4354\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10309\" src=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"4269\" height=\"376\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629.png 4269w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629-300x26.png 300w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629-1024x90.png 1024w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629-768x68.png 768w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629-1536x135.png 1536w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629-2048x180.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4269px) 100vw, 4269px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"41\">A Snapshot of Egypt\u2019s Media Reality<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"43\" data-end=\"405\">A recent report by the Regional Center for Rights and Freedoms documented the state of press and media freedom in Egypt during the first half of 2025, highlighting the persistence of violations against journalists and media institutions, alongside escalating economic and professional challenges that continue to undermine the journalistic environment.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"407\" data-end=\"914\">At the forefront of these violations were legal and security abuses, as several prominent journalists remained in pretrial detention on publishing-related charges\u2014among them Sayed Saber, Khaled Mamdouh, and cartoonist Ashraf Omar\u2014with their detention repeatedly renewed for extended periods without fair trial. The report also recorded new summonses issued against other journalists, including Rasha Kandil and Lina Attalah, in connection with published journalistic materials.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"916\" data-end=\"1359\">Conversely, the same period witnessed a limited number of releases, most notably that of journalist Ahmed Serag, who was freed by the Interior Ministry\u2019s security services days after the Supreme State Security Prosecution ordered his release pending Case No. 7\/2025, as part of a list that included about 50 detainees, among them lawyer Nasr El-Din Hamed Abdel-Maqsoud, who had been held since September 2021.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"1361\" data-end=\"1684\">Serag had been arrested on January 16, 2025, following the publication of a video interview he conducted with Nada Mughith, wife of detained cartoonist Ashraf Omar. The prosecution charged him with <em data-start=\"1575\" data-end=\"1682\">\u201cjoining a terrorist organization, spreading false news, and using a website to promote terrorist ideas.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"1686\" data-end=\"2219\">In this context, Mostafa Shawky, a researcher specializing in press and media freedom at the Association for Freedom of Thought and Expression (AFTE), told <em data-start=\"1854\" data-end=\"1862\">Zawia3<\/em> that the government\u2019s decision to form a committee to \u201cdevelop media performance\u201d represents <em data-start=\"1956\" data-end=\"1990\">\u201ca confusing and alarming step,\u201d<\/em> describing it as a clear encroachment on the mandates of Egypt\u2019s constitutional media regulatory bodies: the Supreme Council for Media Regulation, the National Press Authority, and the National Media Authority.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"2221\" data-end=\"2761\">According to Shawky, the creation of this committee reflects \u201ca state of confusion in managing the media file within the government.\u201d He explained: <em data-start=\"2369\" data-end=\"2759\">\u201cEither these institutions are incapable of performing their duties due to issues related to their authority, independence, or composition\u2014in which case their structure should be reconsidered\u2014or there is an intentional desire to bypass them through parallel committees that intervene in their jurisdiction. This raises serious questions about the real objective behind the new committee.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"2763\" data-end=\"3085\">Shawky stressed that <em data-start=\"2784\" data-end=\"2877\">\u201ctalking about media reform is meaningless amid an ongoing monopoly over the media market.\u201d<\/em> He emphasized that dismantling this monopoly must be the first step toward genuine media liberalization, enabling journalists and outlets to fulfill their professional and watchdog roles independently.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"3087\" data-end=\"3394\">The rights researcher added that dozens of media and news websites in Egypt have still not obtained operating licenses due to what he described as \u201congoing administrative and security interventions,\u201d arguing that this reality strips any discourse about media reform of its seriousness and credibility.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"3396\" data-end=\"3748\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">He concluded: <em data-start=\"3410\" data-end=\"3748\" data-is-last-node=\"\">\u201cIt is impossible to speak of developing journalism and media while even one journalist remains imprisoned for their work or opinions. If this newly formed committee truly wants to leave a meaningful legacy, it should help the Journalists Syndicate ensure that Egypt becomes a country where not a single journalist remains behind bars.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"3396\" data-end=\"3748\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10309\" src=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"4269\" height=\"376\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629.png 4269w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629-300x26.png 300w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629-1024x90.png 1024w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629-768x68.png 768w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629-1536x135.png 1536w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/\u062e\u0637-\u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629-2048x180.png 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4269px) 100vw, 4269px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"29\">Independent Journalism?<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"31\" data-end=\"262\">Egypt ranked sixth worldwide in the number of imprisoned journalists during 2024, with 17 journalists behind bars, according to a report published in January 2025 by the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ).<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"264\" data-end=\"579\">Egypt was listed among the ten worst countries for jailing journalists that year. Out of the 17 documented cases, seven journalists were reportedly detained in connection with the economic crisis, at least two of whom had criticized the government\u2019s economic policies, according to the CPJ report.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"581\" data-end=\"967\">In an interview with <em data-start=\"602\" data-end=\"610\">Zawia3<\/em>, journalist Essam Kamel, Editor-in-Chief of <em data-start=\"659\" data-end=\"665\">Veto<\/em> newspaper and a member of the main committee for media development, said that the Egyptian journalistic and media community \u201chas long faced custodial penalties in publishing cases and has been struggling for years to secure a climate that allows genuine freedom for journalistic and media work.\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"969\" data-end=\"1489\">Kamel added: \u201cFreedom of the press cannot be seen as a gift or a favor granted by anyone. A journalist is not above society but performs a sacred mission\u2014conveying accurate information to the reader, who is the ultimate goal and purpose.\u201d He emphasized that building a professional and influential media system requires laws that guarantee access to information, since \u201ca journalist cannot deliver accurate reporting in the absence of legislation that obliges official entities to respond to his or her questions.\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"1491\" data-end=\"1927\">He criticized the continued existence of restrictive legal provisions, such as Article 12 of Law No. 180 of 2018, which <em data-start=\"1615\" data-end=\"1692\">\u201cprohibits journalists from filming any event without prior authorization.\u201d<\/em> He asked rhetorically: \u201cCan a journalist possibly predict that a building will collapse two days in advance and wait to get a permit? Such provisions are illogical and obstruct the press from covering emergencies and breaking news.\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"1929\" data-end=\"2272\">The <em data-start=\"1933\" data-end=\"1939\">Veto<\/em> editor-in-chief stressed the necessity of ensuring the independence of media regulatory bodies\u2014including the Supreme Council for Media Regulation, the National Press Authority, and the National Media Authority\u2014from government control, so that they can effectively perform their supervisory and professional duties.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"2274\" data-end=\"2563\">He noted that the Journalists Syndicate has been working for nearly a year on an integrated project that includes a Freedom of Information Law, amendments to media regulatory legislation, and the abolition of custodial penalties in all journalism- and media-related laws.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"2565\" data-end=\"2914\">Kamel argued that \u201cthe arrest of any journalist\u2014male or female\u2014at this particular moment completely contradicts the political leadership\u2019s declared intention to build a strong and influential media capable of reaching both local and regional audiences.\u201d He asserted that \u201cgenuine media reform cannot be achieved as long as such practices persist.\u201d<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"336\">n an earlier report by <em data-start=\"24\" data-end=\"32\">Zawia3<\/em>, titled \u201cMedia Development in Egypt: A Chance for Genuine Reform or a Repeat of the \u2018National Dialogue\u2019 Scenario?\u201d, the platform spoke with several senior media figures and documented key demands and proposed measures to outline a comprehensive roadmap for reforming journalism and media in Egypt.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"338\" data-end=\"851\">At the forefront of these demands were: strengthening press freedom, releasing imprisoned journalists, and ending security-driven prosecutions in publishing cases. Other central recommendations included improving journalists\u2019 economic and social conditions, developing media content, supporting both public and private media institutions, and keeping pace with modern digital and technological transformations\u2014all to ensure a professional, impactful, and sustainable media landscape.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\" data-start=\"853\" data-end=\"1253\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">In the end, the ongoing discourse on \u201cmedia development\u201d in Egypt remains clouded by growing uncertainty, amid persistent security practices targeting journalists and the continued enforcement of restrictive laws that curb journalistic work. While the state speaks of \u201creform\u201d and \u201cfreedom of expression,\u201d the daily realities tell a different story\u2014one of contradiction between rhetoric and practice.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Egypt ranked sixth globally in jailing journalists in 2024, with 17 reporters behind bars despite official promises of media reform. Journalists and editors warn that press freedom in Egypt remains under severe threat amid restrictive laws and continued arrests.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":13870,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[390],"tags":[13129,13122,13124,13128,13121,401,13131,13118,13119,4295,13125,13123,13130,4059,13120,13127,7365,3868,1652,13126],"kateb":[728],"class_list":["post-14260","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-human-rights","tag-censorship","tag-censorship-and-arrests-in-egyptian-media","tag-constitutional-press-rights-egypt","tag-cpj-report","tag-cpj-report-egypt-2024","tag-egypt","tag-egypt-2025","tag-egypt-press-freedom-2025","tag-egyptian-journalists-imprisoned","tag-freedom-of-expression","tag-freedom-of-information-law-egypt","tag-independent-journalism-in-egypt","tag-independent-media","tag-journalists","tag-media-development-in-egypt","tag-media-monopoly-in-egypt","tag-media-reform","tag-press-freedom","tag-pretrial-detention","tag-repression-of-journalists-egypt","kateb-shimaa-hamdy"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629-\u0639\u0644\u0649-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645-1.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14260","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14260"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14260\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14261,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14260\/revisions\/14261"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13870"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14260"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14260"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14260"},{"taxonomy":"kateb","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kateb?post=14260"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}