{"id":16797,"date":"2026-01-11T16:49:03","date_gmt":"2026-01-11T14:49:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/?p=16797"},"modified":"2026-10-24T19:51:38","modified_gmt":"2026-10-24T17:51:38","slug":"pro-government-parliament","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/pro-government-parliament\/","title":{"rendered":"Egypt\u2019s Longest Parliamentary Election Reproduces Pro-Government Dominance"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With the announcement of the results of 27 districts in which the elections were annulled and rerun, on the evening of Saturday 10 January, the curtain officially came down on the longest parliamentary electoral contest in the history of Egyptian parliamentary life, according to the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/neaegypt\/videos\/1203336995329984\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">description<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of Counsellor Hazem Badawy, head of the National Election Authority. The elections stretched from November 2025 until 4 January 2026, and were punctuated by successive waves of appeals, cancellations and re-votes, in an unprecedented scene in terms of length and the intensity of exceptional measures.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite the media momentum and the exceptional measures, the official results reveal a parliament that reproduces almost the same map: a sweeping majority for the parties loyal to the executive authority, limited representation for the opposition, and a female presence that relies almost entirely on the constitutional quota, reflecting a persistent gap between constitutional texts and political reality.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The head of the National Election Authority <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youm7.com\/story\/2026\/1\/10\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%A6%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8-2025-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF\/7263995\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">announced<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, during the press conference announcing the results, that the total number of voters eligible to vote in the 2025\u20132026 Egyptian House of Representatives elections reached 69,891,913. According to the official figures, 22,657,211 voters cast their ballots, a turnout rate of 32.4%.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the same data, 21,150,656 valid votes were recorded, against 1,506,055 invalid votes. These figures indicate that about two-thirds of those eligible to vote did not take part in the electoral process, despite the controversy and broad momentum that accompanied it, which raised anew questions about trust in the electoral process and the usefulness of political participation in the prevailing context.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This rate places the recent elections among the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.masrawy.com\/news\/news_cases\/details\/2026\/1\/10\/2922889\/%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%AA-32-41-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%86-%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8-2025\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">lowest<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> turnout rates since 2011, raising anew chronic questions about trust in the electoral process, and about the limits of the effect of prolonging the contest and repeating the vote on motivating voters, in the absence of genuine political competition in most districts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Egyptian <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/extranewstv\/posts\/284-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D9%88284-%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85-%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-extranews\/904518142145287\/#:~:text=284%20%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%20%D9%84%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A%20%D9%88284%20%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%20%D9%84%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85..%20%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%23%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%20%23eXtranews.\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">House <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of Representatives consists of 596 seats, divided between 284 seats under the individual system and 284 seats under the closed party-list system, in addition to 28 seats appointed by the President of the Republic, in accordance with Law No. 85 of 2025 on the division of the House of Representatives electoral districts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"z3-en-graphic\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<figure class=\"z3c z3c--column\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\" data-z3c=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;column&quot;,&quot;lang&quot;:&quot;en&quot;,&quot;series&quot;:[&quot;Share&quot;],&quot;x&quot;:[&quot;Individual constituencies&quot;,&quot;Closed lists&quot;],&quot;cats&quot;:[&quot;Individual constituencies&quot;,&quot;Closed lists&quot;],&quot;vals&quot;:[[50],[50]],&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;step&quot;:false,&quot;suffix&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;min&quot;:null,&quot;max&quot;:null,&quot;dec&quot;:0,&quot;colors&quot;:[],&quot;xlabel&quot;:&quot;Electoral system&quot;}\"><figcaption class=\"z3c__t\">Law No. 85 of 2025: allocation of elected parliamentary seats<\/figcaption><div class=\"z3c__legend\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div><div class=\"z3c__plot\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Law No. 85 of 2025: allocation of elected parliamentary seats\"><\/div><div class=\"z3c__table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Electoral system<\/th><th>Share<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Individual constituencies<\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">50<\/bdi><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Closed lists<\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">50<\/bdi><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"z3c__foot\"><span>Individual-seat and closed-list electoral systems<\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"z3c__tbtn\" data-show=\"Show table\" data-hide=\"Hide table\" hidden>Show table<\/button><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.constituteproject.org\/constitution\/Egypt_2019?lang=ar\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 101 of the Egyptian constitution, the House of Representatives enjoys broad powers<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/jpsa.journals.ekb.eg\/article_87570.html\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">including<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> legislation, approval of the general budget and holding the government to account, while Article 131 regulates the withdrawal of confidence from it. However, previous political and human rights<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/egyptianfront.org\/ar\/2025\/09\/hr-parlimant\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reports<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, along with the practices of recent parliamentary sessions, have shown that these powers have remained, for the most part, confined to the texts, given a parliamentary composition tilted by a crushing majority in favour of parties loyal to the executive authority.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During the 2021 parliament, dozens of laws and general budgets<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/eipr.org\/publications\/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A9-20212022-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A3%D9%82%D9%84-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%81\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">passed<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> without substantive amendments or extended discussions, which raises questions as to whether the new parliament will be able to move beyond this pattern, given almost identical electoral results.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Recommended reading:<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/2025-egypt-elections-6\/\"> <b>Elections No One Believed: When the Appeals Outnumber the Individual Seats<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<h1><b><br \/>\nA Dominant Majority and a Limited Opposition<\/b><\/h1>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youm7.com\/story\/2026\/1\/10\/%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%81%D9%89-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8-2025\/7264379\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Included<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the new House of Representatives are 15 political parties, among them 7 parties loyal to the government and 8 parties counted as opposition. They are: Reform and Development, Tagammu, the National Front, the Republican People&#8217;s Party, Al-Adl, the Conservatives, the Egyptian Social Democratic Party, the Conference Party, Al-Nour, Al-Wa&#8217;i, the New Wafd, Homat Watan, Mostaqbal Watan, the Egyptian Freedom Party and Eradet Geel.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the final<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elections.eg\/archive\/house-2025\/h-2025-results\/h-2025-stage1-round2-results\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">results<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for the 568 elected seats, the pro-government parties won 410 seats, 72.2% of the total seats, against 53 seats for the opposition, 9.3%, while independents won 105 seats, 18.5%, according to the official data of the National Election Authority and the statistical study issued by the State Information Service.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"z3-en-graphic\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<figure class=\"z3c z3c--column\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\" data-z3c=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;column&quot;,&quot;lang&quot;:&quot;en&quot;,&quot;series&quot;:[&quot;Seats&quot;],&quot;x&quot;:[&quot;Pro-government&quot;,&quot;Opposition&quot;,&quot;Independents&quot;],&quot;cats&quot;:[&quot;Pro-government&quot;,&quot;Opposition&quot;,&quot;Independents&quot;],&quot;vals&quot;:[[410],[53],[105]],&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;seats&quot;,&quot;step&quot;:false,&quot;suffix&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;min&quot;:null,&quot;max&quot;:null,&quot;dec&quot;:0,&quot;colors&quot;:[],&quot;xlabel&quot;:&quot;Bloc&quot;}\"><figcaption class=\"z3c__t\">Elected seats by political bloc<\/figcaption><div class=\"z3c__legend\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div><div class=\"z3c__plot\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Elected seats by political bloc\"><\/div><div class=\"z3c__table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Bloc<\/th><th>Seats<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Pro-government<\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">410<\/bdi><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Opposition<\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">53<\/bdi><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Independents<\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">105<\/bdi><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"z3c__foot\"><span><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"z3c__tbtn\" data-show=\"Show table\" data-hide=\"Hide table\" hidden>Show table<\/button><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These figures show the persistence of the structural imbalance in political representation, as control of the closed-list system translates into an almost guaranteed majority, while competition for individual seats remains fraught with organisational and financial obstacles that limit the chances of non-dominant parties.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><\/p>\n<h1><b>The \u201cNational List\u201d Dictates the Scene<\/b><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The pro-government parties reaped the overwhelming majority of seats through both the individual system and the only list that contested the elections, under the name \u201cThe National List for Egypt\u201d, which in practice eliminated any real competition for the list seats. The Mostaqbal Watan Party <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elections.eg\/archive\/house-2025\/h-2025-results\/h-2025-stage1-round2-results\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">topped<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the scene with 227 seats, including 120 through the lists and 106 through the individual system, followed by the Homat Watan Party with 86 seats (43 list and 42 individual), then the National Front Party, the newcomer to the political arena, with 65 seats (43 list and 22 individual).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Likewise, the Republican People&#8217;s Party<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elections.eg\/archive\/house-2025\/h-2025-results\/h-2025-stage1-round2-results\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">won<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 25 seats, the Conference Party 4 seats, the Egyptian Freedom Party two seats and Eradet Geel one seat, in a distribution that reflects the weight of the closed-list system in tipping the balance in favour of the parties that are larger in organisation and closer to power.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\" style=\"padding:24px;background:#f1f4f2;margin:32px 0\">\n<h3>Seats Won by Each Party and by Independents<\/h3>\n<div style=\"margin:12px 0\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between\"><span>Reform and Development<\/span><strong>9<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#dbe3df;margin-top:4px\">\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#245764;width:3.96%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin:12px 0\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between\"><span>Tagammu<\/span><strong>5<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#dbe3df;margin-top:4px\">\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#245764;width:2.20%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin:12px 0\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between\"><span>National Front<\/span><strong>65<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#dbe3df;margin-top:4px\">\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#245764;width:28.63%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin:12px 0\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between\"><span>Republican People\u2019s<\/span><strong>25<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#dbe3df;margin-top:4px\">\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#245764;width:11.01%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin:12px 0\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between\"><span>Justice<\/span><strong>11<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#dbe3df;margin-top:4px\">\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#245764;width:4.85%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin:12px 0\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between\"><span>Conservatives<\/span><strong>1<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#dbe3df;margin-top:4px\">\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#245764;width:0.44%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin:12px 0\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between\"><span>Egyptian Social Democratic<\/span><strong>11<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#dbe3df;margin-top:4px\">\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#245764;width:4.85%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin:12px 0\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between\"><span>Congress<\/span><strong>4<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#dbe3df;margin-top:4px\">\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#245764;width:1.76%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin:12px 0\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between\"><span>Nour<\/span><strong>6<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#dbe3df;margin-top:4px\">\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#245764;width:2.64%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin:12px 0\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between\"><span>Awareness<\/span><strong>1<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#dbe3df;margin-top:4px\">\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#245764;width:0.44%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin:12px 0\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between\"><span>Wafd<\/span><strong>9<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#dbe3df;margin-top:4px\">\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#245764;width:3.96%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin:12px 0\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between\"><span>Homeland Protectors<\/span><strong>86<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#dbe3df;margin-top:4px\">\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#245764;width:37.89%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin:12px 0\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between\"><span>Nation\u2019s Future<\/span><strong>227<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#dbe3df;margin-top:4px\">\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#245764;width:100.00%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin:12px 0\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between\"><span>Independents<\/span><strong>105<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#dbe3df;margin-top:4px\">\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#245764;width:46.26%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin:12px 0\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between\"><span>Egyptian Freedom<\/span><strong>2<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#dbe3df;margin-top:4px\">\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#245764;width:0.88%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin:12px 0\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between\"><span>Will of a Generation<\/span><strong>1<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#dbe3df;margin-top:4px\">\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#245764;width:0.44%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption>seats<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By contrast, the parties counted as opposition <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elections.eg\/archive\/house-2025\/h-2025-results\/h-2025-stage1-round2-results\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">won <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">53 seats, distributed between the two systems, with the Egyptian Social Democratic Party and the Al-Adl Party winning 11 seats each, while the Reform and Development Party and the New Wafd Party won 9 seats each. But a reading of the seat distribution reveals that 36 of the 53 seats came through the list system, against only 17 through the individual system, which points to the weak competitiveness of the opposition in individual-seat districts, compared with what joining pre-formed lists makes possible.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Reform and Development Party won 8 list seats and one individual seat, Tagammu 4 list seats and one individual seat, Al-Adl 8 list seats and 3 individual seats, and the Egyptian Social Democratic Party 9 list seats and two individual seats. By contrast, the representation of some parties was limited to the individual system only, such as the Al-Nour Party with 6 seats, and the Conservatives and Al-Wa&#8217;i with one seat each.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These figures indicate that the list system formed the main route for opposition parties to enter parliament, while the individual system remained more difficult and less accessible for their representation, which raises questions about equal opportunities and the limits of party competition in the recent parliamentary elections.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"z3-en-graphic\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<figure class=\"z3c z3c--column\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\" data-z3c=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;column&quot;,&quot;lang&quot;:&quot;en&quot;,&quot;series&quot;:[&quot;Individual&quot;,&quot;List&quot;],&quot;x&quot;:[&quot;Reform and Development&quot;,&quot;Tagammu&quot;,&quot;Justice&quot;,&quot;Conservatives&quot;,&quot;Egyptian Social Democratic&quot;,&quot;Nour&quot;,&quot;Awareness&quot;,&quot;Wafd&quot;],&quot;cats&quot;:[&quot;Reform and Development&quot;,&quot;Tagammu&quot;,&quot;Justice&quot;,&quot;Conservatives&quot;,&quot;Egyptian Social Democratic&quot;,&quot;Nour&quot;,&quot;Awareness&quot;,&quot;Wafd&quot;],&quot;vals&quot;:[[1,8],[1,4],[3,8],[1,0],[2,9],[6,0],[1,0],[2,7]],&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;seats&quot;,&quot;step&quot;:false,&quot;suffix&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;min&quot;:null,&quot;max&quot;:null,&quot;dec&quot;:0,&quot;colors&quot;:[],&quot;xlabel&quot;:&quot;Party&quot;}\"><figcaption class=\"z3c__t\">Individual and list seats held by opposition parties<\/figcaption><div class=\"z3c__legend\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div><div class=\"z3c__plot\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Individual and list seats held by opposition parties\"><\/div><div class=\"z3c__table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Party<\/th><th>Individual<\/th><th>List<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Reform and Development<\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1<\/bdi><\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">8<\/bdi><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tagammu<\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1<\/bdi><\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">4<\/bdi><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Justice<\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">3<\/bdi><\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">8<\/bdi><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Conservatives<\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1<\/bdi><\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">0<\/bdi><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Egyptian Social Democratic<\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">2<\/bdi><\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">9<\/bdi><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nour<\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">6<\/bdi><\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">0<\/bdi><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Awareness<\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">1<\/bdi><\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">0<\/bdi><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wafd<\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">2<\/bdi><\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">7<\/bdi><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"z3c__foot\"><span><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"z3c__tbtn\" data-show=\"Show table\" data-hide=\"Hide table\" hidden>Show table<\/button><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><\/p>\n<h1><b>Disagreement over the \u201cCivil Movement\u201d<\/b><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The State Information Service, in a<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/Deyaa.Rashwan\/posts\/pfbid0eTT3YRPxndAMmVoLVNHv67YXU2wW88BztcEY8ERSkHUhNZKWL3dH1CY881GTHvoml\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">study<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> announced by its head Diaa Rashwan, indicated that about 32 MPs among the opposition seats belong to the Civil Democratic Movement. However, the movement denied these figures.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Walid El-Ammari, the movement&#8217;s media spokesperson, tells Zawia3 that the movement refused from the outset to take part in the list system \u201crun by the pro-government parties and the security agencies\u201d, stressing that the Al-Adl Party and the Egyptian Social Democratic Party have frozen their membership in the movement since the presidential election, and do not represent it in parliament.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El-Ammari describes the elections as \u201cattempts to beautify ugly and suspicious elections\u201d, considering that the 2026 parliament does not differ substantially from the 2021 parliament, except that the violations were \u201cclearer and more brazen\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Commenting on what the head of the State Information Service, Diaa Rashwan, published regarding the representation of the opposition, El-Ammari considers that it falls within the framework of &#8220;attempts to beautify ugly, suspicious and disreputable elections&#8221;, as he describes it, stressing that the 2026 elections did not differ substantially from the 2021 elections, except that &#8220;the violations this time were better documented and clearer, and were committed in a crude and undisguised manner&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El-Ammari adds that these practices contributed to a widespread reluctance to vote, noting that some candidates of the &#8220;National List&#8221; declared their victory with extremely low percentages, reaching in some cases about 11.5<\/span><b>%<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of voters&#8217; ballots, which he considered &#8220;the clearest evidence of the loss of confidence in the integrity of the electoral process&#8221;, especially as the weak turnout continued even after the appeals and grievances were examined.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El-Ammari stresses that &#8220;the Civil Movement is not represented in the new parliament&#8221;, with the exception of one MP from the Conservative Party who won through the individual system, not through the lists, rejecting what he described as attempts to &#8220;delude public opinion into believing that there is an opposition inside the House&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He also points out that the movement&#8217;s candidates in the individual-seat districts faced unequal conditions, given the size of the districts, the absence of opportunities for real contact with voters and the dominance of political money, explaining that the limited participation in many polling stations was linked to the handing out of &#8220;coupons, gifts and handouts&#8221;, not to programmes or political discourse, which led, according to him, to the failure of most candidates of the movement&#8217;s parties, such as Al-Dostour, Bread and Freedom and the Conservatives, to win seats in the recent elections.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In previous press statements, Ahmed Bahaa El-Din Shaaban, the new chair of the board of trustees of the &#8220;Civil Democratic Movement&#8221;,<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fakartany.net\/2026\/01\/08\/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%81%D9%83%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">considered<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, in an interview, that  the three parties (Reform and Development, Al-Adl and the Egyptian Social Democratic Party) took part with the movement&#8217;s parties  in many battles, but chose a path different from that of the Civil Movement. Therefore, they are no longer core members of the Civil Movement, and they neither attend the meetings nor take part.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youm7.com\/story\/2023\/5\/2\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%80-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1\/6167074\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Civil Movement<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is supposed to comprise 12 opposition political parties, among them ten active parties: Al-Dostour, the Socialist Popular Alliance, Bread and Freedom, Al-Karama, the Egyptian Communist Party, the Conservatives, the Arab Democratic Nasserist Party, the National Accord Party, the Egyptian Socialist Party and the Reform and Development Party, in addition to the participation of a number of public figures, while the Al-Adl Party and the Egyptian Social Democratic Party still have their activity within the movement frozen to date.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><\/b><\/p>\n<h1><b>How Much Today&#8217;s Parliament Resembles Yesterday&#8217;s!<\/b><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the 2021 parliament, the parties and lists loyal to the government<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.soutalmalaien.com\/maqal\/84406\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dominated<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the parliamentary composition, with the &#8216;National List: For the Love of Egypt&#8217; bloc (such as Mostaqbal Watan) controlling about<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">74<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">%<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of 568 seats, including 316 seats for the Mostaqbal Watan Party alone (56%), against limited shares for the other parties of about 25%, and 100 seats for independents, representing (16-18%).<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>The comparison between the 2021 and 2026 parliaments points to the steady dominance of the pro-government parties over the House, with a slight change in the seat percentages.  In the 2026 parliamentary elections, the pro-government bloc won 72.2%, a decline of only about 2% from the 2021 parliament, against 9.3% for the parties counted as opposition in the 2026 parliament, a decline of less than 1% from the 2021 parliament, while the representation of independents rose from 16% to 18.5%, a difference of 2.5%. According to this distribution, the dominance of the majority loyal to the authorities continues, with limited representation for the opposition and a slight rise in the share of independents compared with the previous session.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"z3-en-graphic\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<figure class=\"z3c z3c--column\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\" data-z3c=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;column&quot;,&quot;lang&quot;:&quot;en&quot;,&quot;series&quot;:[&quot;2021&quot;,&quot;2026&quot;],&quot;x&quot;:[&quot;Pro-government&quot;,&quot;Opposition&quot;,&quot;Independent&quot;],&quot;cats&quot;:[&quot;Pro-government&quot;,&quot;Opposition&quot;,&quot;Independent&quot;],&quot;vals&quot;:[[74,72.2],[10,9.3],[16,18.5]],&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;step&quot;:false,&quot;suffix&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;min&quot;:null,&quot;max&quot;:null,&quot;dec&quot;:1,&quot;colors&quot;:[],&quot;xlabel&quot;:&quot;Bloc&quot;}\"><figcaption class=\"z3c__t\">Parliamentary seat shares: 2021 and 2026<\/figcaption><div class=\"z3c__legend\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div><div class=\"z3c__plot\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Parliamentary seat shares: 2021 and 2026\"><\/div><div class=\"z3c__table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Bloc<\/th><th>2021<\/th><th>2026<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Pro-government<\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">74.0<\/bdi><\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">72.2<\/bdi><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Opposition<\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">10.0<\/bdi><\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">9.3<\/bdi><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Independent<\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">16.0<\/bdi><\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">18.5<\/bdi><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"z3c__foot\"><span><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"z3c__tbtn\" data-show=\"Show table\" data-hide=\"Hide table\" hidden>Show table<\/button><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By contrast, the representation of independents in the House of Representatives saw a marked decline over the last three parliamentary sessions: after independents formed a large bloc in the 2016 parliament with 315 MPs, their number fell in the 2021 parliament to only 93 MPs. With the 2026 parliament, the number of independents rose relatively to reach 105 male and female MPs, without approaching their levels of representation in the 2016 parliament, which means the continued dominance of the major parties over the parliamentary scene, against a relatively limited presence for independents.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\" style=\"padding:24px;background:#f1f4f2;margin:32px 0\">\n<h3>Independent MPs Across Three Parliamentary Terms<\/h3>\n<div style=\"margin:12px 0\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between\"><span>2016<\/span><strong>315<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#dbe3df;margin-top:4px\">\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#245764;width:100.00%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin:12px 0\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between\"><span>2021<\/span><strong>93<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#dbe3df;margin-top:4px\">\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#245764;width:29.52%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin:12px 0\">\n<div style=\"display:flex;justify-content:space-between\"><span>2026<\/span><strong>105<\/strong><\/div>\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#dbe3df;margin-top:4px\">\n<div style=\"height:12px;background:#245764;width:33.33%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption>MPs<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The results and the analysis of the data show that the results of the 2026 parliament did not differ much from the 2020 parliament, which faced broad<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/egyptianfront.org\/ar\/2025\/09\/hr-parlimant\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">criticism<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> over the past years, despite the great controversy that accompanied its elections from the first day of the first phase.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This atmosphere prompted President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi to<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AlSisiofficial\/posts\/pfbid02fSEm8axc7GwS3RT86xVRTbGFRT1j8MMkTAuhi5yJGefvUuaqDCQvfs2CLHEyghQLl\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">call on<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the National Election Authority to take all the measures necessary to verify the integrity of the electoral process, stressing the need for a full examination of the appeals submitted and for ascertaining the true will of the voters. He stressed that there should be no hesitation in cancelling the election results, wholly or partially, in the districts where it is impossible to be certain of the validity of the results or that they express the will of the voters.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accordingly, the National Election Authority<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/agri.ahram.org.eg\/News\/132634.aspx\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">issued<\/span><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">decisions cancelling the results of 19 electoral districts in 7 governorates where elections had been held  during the first phase, while the Supreme Administrative Court<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youm7.com\/story\/2025\/11\/30\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B7%D9%84-27-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF\/7216304\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ruled<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 27 additional districts void, bringing the total number of districts in which the elections were rerun in full to 46 electoral districts, for the first time in the history of parliamentary life in Egypt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regarding the absence of any tangible change in the election results despite the noise that accompanied them, Akram Ismail,  a leading figure in the Bread and Freedom Party (under formation), says that the escalating controversy over the elections did not stem from a real change in the mechanisms of their management so much as it reflected internal disagreements among the parties tasked with managing the electoral process.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ismail explains, speaking to Zawia3, that the president&#8217;s statement revealed the existence of a struggle within these parties, which allowed wider space for monitoring and commenting on the elections, without this leading to a radical transformation in the way they were managed or to greater respect for the will of the voters.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>He adds that public opinion followed the elections as an indicator of the existence of a struggle and internal disagreements, not as a serious process meeting standards of integrity, noting that what happened later confirmed this reading, amid complaints of fraud and of results being changed in some districts during the second phase, complaints that were not limited to opposition forces but extended to pro-government parties, among them the &#8220;Homat Watan&#8221; Party.<\/p>\n<p>On what was said before the elections about allocating more space or seats to the opposition in the new parliament, Ismail believes that the management of the elections on the ground is subject to local balances and security calculations, in the absence of a clear central political direction. He points out that final decisions are often settled according to the assessments of security officials in the various districts, which limits the impact of any general political visions that may be on the table within the ruling system.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He stresses that what may be discussed in &#8220;closed rooms&#8221; about allowing a margin for the opposition does not necessarily translate into practical reality, as the decisive word remains with the local security balances that govern the course of the electoral process on the ground.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this context, Haitham El-Hariri, a former member of parliament, believes that the composition of the new House does not differ much from the 2021 parliament, which means that citizens are awaiting a parliament with the same policies and strategy. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El-Hariri adds, speaking to Zawia3, that the dominance of the parties loyal to the authorities makes it difficult to speak of a parliament capable of playing a genuine oversight or legislative role that serves citizens&#8217; interests, as the House lacks the independence necessary to hold the government to account, under electoral laws that have not won broad acceptance.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>El-Hariri adds that the results of the recent elections, together with the law regulating them, have produced a sweeping majority for the pro-government parties, which portends a repetition of the 2021 parliament experience as &#8220;a carbon copy&#8221;, in which actual accountability is absent, and the government&#8217;s programme is passed and loans and draft laws are approved without serious discussion. He pointed out that he does not expect any substantive change in public policies, whether at the level of the government, which he described as implementing policies imposed on it, or at the level of parliament, which does not own its decision from within, but is subject to the orientations of the parties controlling the majority.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regarding the intervention of the President of the Republic at the start of the electoral process and the call for elections that enjoy popular satisfaction, El-Hariri believes that what happened on the ground did not reflect this direction. He considers the very basis of the electoral process &#8220;void&#8221;, given that the elections law provides for 50% of the absolute-list seats to be won uncontested, as a result of the absence of competing lists or their non-acceptance by the National Election Authority, which caused the process to lose citizens&#8217; trust.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El-Hariri explains that the presidential intervention was not translated into practice, citing violations he observed, among them the use of political money in the individual-seat districts and the exploitation of citizens&#8217; difficult economic conditions. He pointed to complaints submitted by some female candidates, among them a candidate in Gharbia Governorate, stressing that he personally witnessed a wide scale of these practices during his presence in Mansoura on the voting days.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Recommended reading:<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/egyptian-parties\/\"> <b>Egypt: 100 Parties&#8230; Zero Politics<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><b><\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<h1><b>Women&#8217;s Representation in Parliament: About Turn<\/b><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youm7.com\/story\/2020\/12\/18\/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-2020-%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%86\/5118446#:~:text=6%2D%20%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%20(2021%2D2026):%20%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF%20%D8%A3%D8%B9%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A1%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3,%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86.(148)%20%D9%85%D9%82%D8%B9%D8%AF%20%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8%20%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A9%20(26.05%25)%20%D9%85%D9%86%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86.\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">distribution of seats<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> between the individual and list systems in the Egyptian House of Representatives shows the continued near-total reliance on the constitutional quota system for the representation of women. In the 2021 parliament, the number of female MPs reached 148, with only 6 female MPs through the individual system, against 142 through the lists, which are the seats allocated to women at a rate of 25% in accordance with the provisions of the Egyptian constitution and the electoral system in force. No substantive change occurred in the 2026 parliament, as the number of women winning individual seats fell to only 4, while the list system maintained 142 women&#8217;s seats, which is the constitutionally mandated proportion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"z3-en-graphic\" dir=\"ltr\">\n<figure class=\"z3c z3c--column\" dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\" data-z3c=\"{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;column&quot;,&quot;lang&quot;:&quot;en&quot;,&quot;series&quot;:[&quot;Individual&quot;,&quot;List&quot;],&quot;x&quot;:[&quot;2021&quot;,&quot;2026&quot;],&quot;cats&quot;:[&quot;2021&quot;,&quot;2026&quot;],&quot;vals&quot;:[[6,142],[4,142]],&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;seats&quot;,&quot;step&quot;:false,&quot;suffix&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;min&quot;:null,&quot;max&quot;:null,&quot;dec&quot;:0,&quot;colors&quot;:[],&quot;xlabel&quot;:&quot;Term&quot;}\"><figcaption class=\"z3c__t\">Women elected through individual constituencies and lists<\/figcaption><div class=\"z3c__legend\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div><div class=\"z3c__plot\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Women elected through individual constituencies and lists\"><\/div><div class=\"z3c__table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Term<\/th><th>Individual<\/th><th>List<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>2021<\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">6<\/bdi><\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">142<\/bdi><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2026<\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">4<\/bdi><\/td><td class=\"n\"><bdi dir=\"ltr\">142<\/bdi><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div><div class=\"z3c__foot\"><span><\/span><button type=\"button\" class=\"z3c__tbtn\" data-show=\"Show table\" data-hide=\"Hide table\" hidden>Show table<\/button><\/div><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this context, the executive director of the Rural Women&#8217;s Initiative, Lamia Lotfy, believes that the crisis of women&#8217;s representation in parliament beyond the prescribed constitutional proportion, &#8221; the quota&#8221;, is not an emergency issue or one linked to a particular electoral cycle, but rather an extension of a chronic structural problem in the nature of the electoral process itself.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  Lotfy explains, speaking to Zawia3, that the departure of the elections from internationally recognised standards of integrity and competitiveness necessarily affects the chances of groups that have historically suffered from marginalisation and discrimination, foremost among them women, considering that &#8220;the electoral race is run by unfair rules from the outset&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She points out that assuming equal opportunities in the absence of support tools or &#8220;positive measures&#8221; for the less fortunate groups, such as women, workers and farmers, persons with disabilities and professionals, is an unrealistic assumption, noting that the competition has in practice become the preserve of businessmen and those with family and tribal influence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> She adds that excessive spending on publicity, the size of the electoral districts and reliance on networks of influence and money make reaching voters almost impossible for candidates who do not possess these tools, stressing that &#8220;the ability to gain access is not equal among all the competitors&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lotfy  points to the President of the Republic&#8217;s acknowledgement of violations in the electoral process, among them electoral bribery and manipulation inside some polling stations, but she believes that rerunning the elections in a number of districts did not succeed in addressing the roots of the crisis; rather, it reproduced it, albeit to a lesser degree.  She concludes that the final results could not have guaranteed genuine representation for women or for any of the marginalised groups, noting that the winners mostly belong to well-off social classes and enjoy economic and social influence.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The director of the Rural Women&#8217;s Initiative explains that the presence of female representation on the lists is not enough unless the integrity of the electoral process is guaranteed or genuine support is provided to the groups unable to compete according to the equations of money and influence.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">  She also criticises the mechanisms for selecting female candidates within the lists themselves, questioning the extent to which parties rely on criteria of competence and experience, given the influence of funding and donations on the formation of the lists.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As for the chances of passing gender-sensitive legislation in the coming parliament, she expresses scepticism, pointing to the previous parliament&#8217;s failure to pass a unified law against violence against women, as well as the law establishing the Anti-Discrimination Commission, despite it being a constitutional entitlement. She also believes that the priorities of the coming parliament will remain tied to the agenda of the executive authority, not to the agenda of civil society or the MPs, suggesting that some files, such as the Anti-Discrimination Commission or the personal status law, are likely to have relatively better chances, albeit postponed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She stresses that the state prefers to deal with issues of violence against women piecemeal, &#8220;case after case&#8221;, instead of adopting a unified law, considering that this approach reflects the absence of a genuine political will to bring about a comprehensive legislative shift that guarantees fair and effective representation for marginalised groups within parliament.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With the announcement of the official results of the elections for the new Egyptian House of Representatives, the continued control of the pro-government parties over most of the seats becomes clear, while the presence of the opposition remains limited and independents make up a relatively modest share. The electoral distribution reveals structural challenges in the representation of marginalised groups, especially women, as parliament relies almost entirely on the system of constitutional lists to meet their share, while the individual system remains difficult for independent female candidates or for women representing less influential groups. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite the official measures to rerun the elections in some districts, the overall picture points to a repetition of the 2021 parliament experience, with the parliamentary majority remaining dominant and the opposition of limited influence, and with continued reliance on political money and networks of influence in determining the winners. Politicians and observers affirm that the new parliament represents a reproduction of the 2021 parliament, meaning the continuation of the same policies and legislation and the absence of actual oversight.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The results of 27 districts in which the elections were rerun brought the curtain down on the longest parliamentary elections in Egypt&#8217;s history, reproducing a parliament dominated by pro-government parties.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":19394,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[412],"tags":[],"kateb":[728],"class_list":["post-16797","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politics-en","kateb-shimaa-hamdy"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/parliament-election-2026.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16797","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16797"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16797\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24238,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16797\/revisions\/24238"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19394"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16797"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16797"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16797"},{"taxonomy":"kateb","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kateb?post=16797"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}