{"id":17298,"date":"2025-09-23T22:48:56","date_gmt":"2025-09-23T20:48:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/?p=17298"},"modified":"2026-10-24T15:03:51","modified_gmt":"2026-10-24T13:03:51","slug":"a-parliament-in-search-of-its-voters-egypts-crisis-of-electoral-trust","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/a-parliament-in-search-of-its-voters-egypts-crisis-of-electoral-trust\/","title":{"rendered":"A Parliament in Search of Its Voters: Egypt\u2019s Crisis of Electoral Trust"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-start=\"1438\" data-end=\"1693\">In front of a small kiosk in the Dokki district of Giza, Mohamed El-Saadi, a man in his sixties, sat contemplating the movement in the street opposite a school in front of which he was used to seeing queues on election days. When asked about the next parliament, he shook his head and said: &#8220;I don&#8217;t know the previous MPs, and I don&#8217;t feel they represent us&#8230; I won&#8217;t take part.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1700\" data-end=\"1855\">El-Saadi&#8217;s case is not an individual one. Official figures and opinion polls point to a notable decline in participation rates, amid a mounting crisis of trust between citizens and the institutions of political representation in Egypt.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Official figures claim that in the last Senate elections, last August, the participation<a href=\"https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/politics\/%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AE-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-17\"> rate<\/a> did not exceed 17.1% of total registered voters, that is, around 11.8 million voters out of more than 69 million, and despite the announcement that valid votes amounted to 95.6% of the votes cast, observers and politicians who spoke with us believe that the official figures are exaggerated and that actual participation did not exceed 4% only, despite the spread of political money and the forcible mobilisation of numbers of students and employees to take part in the vote.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recent<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ecss.com.eg\/38852\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">research<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> indicates that the reluctance of Egyptians, especially young people, to go to the ballot box is the product of an accumulation of political, economic and social factors, most prominently a sense of marginalisation and the absence of influential channels that enable young people to participate. This is coupled with a pressing economic reality that puts livelihood concerns at the top of citizens&#8217; priorities at the expense of political affairs, while the weakness of parties and citizens&#8217; low trust in institutions compound the loss of incentive to participate. Meanwhile, analysts believe that emerging institutions such as the Senate have not yet managed to convince the public of the usefulness of their existence or of the effectiveness of participating in their elections.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this context, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Zawia3<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> conducted a field survey covering 200 male and female citizens from various governorates of Egypt, with the aim of exploring their attitudes towards the upcoming House of Representatives elections. The results, which represent diverse demographic segments, reflected a mix of widespread refusal to participate and accumulated feelings of frustration, along with cases of participation taking place under pressure or external considerations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"rNsaVyKqsV\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/money-elections\/\">70 Million for a Seat: The Price of Entering Egypt&#8217;s Parliament<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201c70 Million for a Seat: The Price of Entering Egypt\u2019s Parliament\u201d \u2014 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\" src=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/money-elections\/embed\/#?secret=ItQiWiExRU#?secret=rNsaVyKqsV\" data-secret=\"rNsaVyKqsV\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h1><b>Who will take part in the elections?<\/b><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The survey data show that the age group between (35- 44) years came first at 37.7%, followed by the (25-34) age group at 26.1%, while young people under 25 accounted for only 9.5%. Males also predominated, at 56.1%, but women&#8217;s participation approached 44%. At the educational level, it was striking that around 78% of participants hold a university education or postgraduate degrees, while the proportion of those with secondary education or less was limited to 22%.<\/span><br \/>\n<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-age-en.png\" alt=\"Who answered the survey?\" style=\"display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:100%;height:auto;\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-17286\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-age-en.png 1600w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-age-en-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-age-en-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-age-en-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-age-en-1536x1152.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Professionally, the self-employed (34.7%) and private-sector employees (26.5%) dominated, with a not insignificant proportion of unemployed people (16.8%). These figures reflect a diversity that strengthens the credibility of the results, but at the same time they reveal the absence of rural and less-educated segments, perhaps because of the difficulty of the survey reaching them, or because these groups do not rely on internet use widely, and these are groups that often show higher levels of political disengagement.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>When participants were asked about their intentions regarding the upcoming elections, 64.8% confirmed that they would not take part, compared with only 15.6% who declared their intention to vote, while 19.6% remained undecided. Thus nearly two-thirds of respondents expressed an explicit refusal to participate, and if the undecided are counted, the potential abstention rate could reach 84.4%. The results also revealed that 18.2% of participants had previously been subjected to pressure or coercion to vote, ranging from threats of financial fines (EGP 200\u2013600), security pressure and the offering of electoral bribes, to the forced mobilisation of students and employees.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-intent-en.png\" alt=\"Nearly two-thirds do not plan to vote\" style=\"display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:100%;height:auto;\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-17288\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-intent-en.png 1600w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-intent-en-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-intent-en-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-intent-en-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-intent-en-1536x1152.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Commenting, Talaat Khalil, general coordinator of the Civil Democratic Movement and member of the presidential council of the Conservative Party, explains in an interview with <\/span><b>Zawia3<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that the Egyptian street is living in a state of intense anger at the performance of the previous parliament, as a result of the nature of its formation through the closed absolute list system, which opens the door to appointments based on paying money and brings in candidates far removed from political work and from the street. He stresses that this method has made citizens not only abstain from participating in elections, but also feel resentment at the process as a whole, as was evident in the weak turnout in the last Senate elections.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Khalil points out that the National Dialogue stressed the need to change the electoral system, but the state did not adopt the proportional system or the individual system in a way that satisfies voters, yet voters are satisfied neither with the composition of parliament nor with its performance, as most of the government laws submitted during the last session came at the citizen&#8217;s expense, the latest of which was the Old Rent Law&#8221;, noting that people are in a state of intense discontent with parliament, yet the peaceful path remains the only option for change, which is why the Civil Democratic Movement, the Free Current and their colleagues in the Social Justice Front decided to contest the elections through the individual system.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-performance-en.png\" alt=\"76.8% rate parliament poorly\" style=\"display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:100%;height:auto;\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-17290\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-performance-en.png 1600w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-performance-en-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-performance-en-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-performance-en-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-performance-en-1536x1152.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the same context, more than half of the respondents to the survey we conducted, 51.8%, describe the performance of the last parliament (2020-2025) as &#8220;very weak&#8221;, while 25% consider it &#8220;weak&#8221;, meaning that three out of every four citizens see parliament as an institution incapable of representing them or solving their problems. The paradox also lies in the fact that this crisis is not new: 71.9% of the sample confirmed that they did not take part in the previous elections, compared with only 28.1% who did. This reveals that abstention has become an entrenched pattern not linked to a particular election, but rather reflects a protracted crisis of representation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agreeing with Khalil is Elhamy El-Merghany, economic researcher and vice-president of the Socialist Popular Alliance Party, who stresses in his conversation with us that the absolute lists and the security agencies&#8217; control over the lists and the electoral process have given citizens the feeling that the elections are a charade and not real, and that any vote may be rigged, which makes abstaining from participation a better option to avoid security abuse and government interference. He points out that the biggest problem lies in the loss of hope of achieving peaceful democratic change through the ballot box, which pushes millions to look for alternatives outside the legal framework, and this is the real danger facing society.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>El-Merghany says: &#8221; Tracking election results from 2012 until today, a notable decline in voting rates stands out, which leads to the expectation that the 2025 elections will see low participation levels similar to the 2010 parliament, when citizens lost their trust in the possibility of change through the ballot box, which represents a danger to the future of political reform in Egypt, stressing that the crisis is not limited to the electoral process alone, but extends to the tightening of the noose on parties and the monopolisation of and control over the media, which deepens millions&#8217; loss of trust in the usefulness of the democratic path.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El-Merghany also points to another dilemma, namely the unfair division of electoral districts, as rural towns suffer from electoral overcrowding against a clear disparity between the size of districts and the number of their inhabitants. While some districts are allocated only one MP, other districts are represented by four MPs, which reflects a clear imbalance in representative fairness. He points to the raising of candidacy fees to EGP 40,000, which has turned the House of Representatives from being a council of the people into something resembling a council of notables, thereby restricting the opportunities for participation for economically weak groups and those on limited incomes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For her part, <\/span><b>Taysir Fahmy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, head of the Development and Equality Party, believes that the last Senate elections saw almost no participation to speak of, as turnout was extremely weak, noting that parliamentary elections are no longer an issue linked to parties so much as they have become linked to the ability to spend and advertise, and to obtain family or tribal support in villages and towns.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Taysir says, speaking to <\/span><b>Zawia3<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: &#8220;Money has come to play a pivotal role in the electoral process, and whoever has the greatest financial capacity has the best chance of winning, which means that parliament, in its majority, no longer expresses the ordinary man in the street. Many of the candidates have no relationship with politics in the first place, but seek only to obtain a &#8220;parliamentary fa\u00e7ade&#8221;; we hear of names that had never taken any political positions before&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> She points out that some members of the current Senate have no connection with political work, citing the example of a restaurant owner who became a member of the council, and asks: &#8220;What does he have to do with legislation? Will he distribute free meals to people?&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">She adds: &#8220;These people were able, by virtue of their financial capabilities, to spend on advertising and to mobilise voters in incomprehensible ways, saying: &#8220;Appearances point to one thing, but reality is supposed to be something else; but when we find a person completely removed from politics becoming an MP, this is incomprehensible&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>On the extent of the street&#8217;s interest in the elections, Fahmy comments that the majority are not aware of the date of the elections and do not trust the electoral process or the MPs, stressing that the problem is not only people&#8217;s reluctance towards politics so much as the absence of trust in the electoral process, and explaining that politics enters into the details of the citizen&#8217;s daily life: from their daily bread, to fuel prices, to everything the citizen experiences from the moment they wake up. She concludes by saying that citizens repeat: &#8220;Whoever wins is whoever wins with his money&#8221;, noting that the exceptions are very few and do not affect the general scene, and adding: &#8220;Consider me one of the public, and this is my opinion of the elections&#8221;.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"A70fjnZ0jH\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/parliament-2\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644&#8230; \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u061f<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u2026 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u061f\u201d \u2014 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\" src=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/parliament-2\/embed\/#?secret=TSUneq9hE8#?secret=A70fjnZ0jH\" data-secret=\"A70fjnZ0jH\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h1><b>Why are citizens reluctant to participate?<\/b><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Among 154 citizens who refused or hesitated, &#8220;lack of trust in the electoral process&#8221; topped the reasons for citizens&#8217; reluctance to take part in the legislative elections at 61%, followed by &#8220;the absence of a suitable candidate&#8221; at 30.5%, then &#8220;lack of interest in politics&#8221; at 23.4%. Being busy or short of time came much lower (7.8%).<\/span><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-reasons-en.png\" alt=\"Distrust leads the reasons for abstention\" style=\"display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:100%;height:auto;\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-17292\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-reasons-en.png 1600w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-reasons-en-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-reasons-en-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-reasons-en-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-reasons-en-1536x1152.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>For his part, Zohdy El-Shamy, member of the political bureau of the Socialist Popular Alliance Party and chair of the party&#8217;s board of trustees, does not believe that there is any basis on which a high turnout in the upcoming House of Representatives elections can be expected, attributing this to the restrictions imposed on political activity, which have led to a notable decline in participation rates compared with the period that followed the January revolution, and noting that, compared with the Senate elections, the House elections may see a slightly higher turnout, but the difference remains limited.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> El-Shamy says, speaking to Zawia3, that &#8220;it is usual for citizens&#8217; participation in Senate elections to be lower for clear reasons: first, the council itself has no real powers; and second, the space available for electoral competition in it is extremely narrow, as a third of the members are appointed, while the second third is elected through the exclusionary closed absolute lists, each of which covers an entire governorate, and in practice there was only one list, affiliated with the authorities, which means the absence of real competition. As for the individual districts, they were also very large, covering the entire governorate with a number of seats, which made them individual in form only, without the substance&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El-Shamy adds that participation in the House elections may be slightly higher than in the Senate, but it will not reach a reasonable rate reflecting the people&#8217;s engagement in a credible democratic political process, because the elections will take place in the same unhealthy climate and with the same distortions that push the majority to abstention and distrust. He explains that half of the House seats are allocated to the closed absolute lists, which makes the competition for this half entirely a formality.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As for the individual districts, they were divided unequally, in a way that respects neither constitutional principles nor the provisions of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, resulting in unequal districts, some of them extremely large and comprising multiple seats, sometimes reaching four, which harms the political process and makes it distorted.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Here El-Shamy stresses that citizens have legitimate doubts about the integrity of the electoral process, because of the intervention of state agencies in favour of their parties and candidates, along with the many loopholes in the laws and procedures regulating the electoral process, as well as the phenomenon of political money and vote-buying.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He concludes his conversation with us by saying that the performance of the current parliament satisfies no one, as it has turned into a mere &#8220;legislative tail of the government&#8221;, which does not exercise its oversight role and does not reject any legislation even if it is against the people&#8217;s interests, stressing that most of the laws passed during its term represented a curtailment of citizens&#8217; rights, and new financial burdens and levies that weighed heavily on them, even reaching the point of threatening and displacing millions of families from their homes.<\/span><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-trust-en.png\" alt=\"64.5% report low trust in election integrity\" style=\"display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:100%;height:auto;\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-17294\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-trust-en.png 1600w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-trust-en-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-trust-en-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-trust-en-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-trust-en-1536x1152.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The figures in the survey on trust in the integrity of the elections were also shocking: 64.5% consider it &#8220;low&#8221; or &#8220;very low&#8221;, compared with only 14.5% who have &#8220;high&#8221; or &#8220;very high&#8221; trust, while 20.5% stood at &#8220;medium&#8221;.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this context, Elham Eidarous, representative of the founders of the Bread and Freedom Party, comments, speaking to Zawia3, on the weak participation in the Senate elections, considering that this is due mainly to the absence of real competition, as citizens feel that their votes will make no difference, whether on the lists or in the individual seats. She adds that House of Representatives elections usually attract greater interest as a result of the multiplicity of candidates and the existence of a wider space for competition.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elham explains that the Egyptian voter asks: &#8220;Why should I go to the ballot box if all the candidates express the same orientation and support government policies absolutely?&#8221;, stressing that if lists and candidates with a different political discourse expressing objection to existing policies were put forward, citizens could have engaged more widely with the electoral process. Under the current situation, however, as she puts it, attendance is mostly limited to those who are mobilised with money or through direct aid.<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"H0PaZAqo92\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/egyptian-senate\/\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0635\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201c\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631: \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0635\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u201d \u2014 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\" src=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/egyptian-senate\/embed\/#?secret=Rnuo84IY3f#?secret=H0PaZAqo92\" data-secret=\"H0PaZAqo92\" width=\"600\" height=\"338\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h1><b>What about the next parliament?<\/b><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When citizens were asked about the date of the next elections, around 60% answered &#8220;I don&#8217;t know&#8221; or &#8220;not interested&#8221;, while only 40% gave specific answers, most of them around November 2025. The surprise is that some answers were sarcastic or inaccurate, reflecting a state of mockery of, or disconnection from, the political process. This absence of awareness, even of the date of a constitutional entitlement, reveals weakness in official and media awareness efforts, and indicates that participation, if it happens, will mostly be driven by pressure, not awareness.<\/span><br \/>\n<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-awareness-en.png\" alt=\"Around 60% do not know or are not interested\" style=\"display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;max-width:100%;height:auto;\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-17296\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-awareness-en.png 1600w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-awareness-en-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-awareness-en-1024x768.png 1024w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-awareness-en-768x576.png 768w, https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/parliament-survey-awareness-en-1536x1152.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Egypt is preparing<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.alnaharegypt.com\/1139748\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to hold<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> House of Representatives elections next November, the most important constitutional entitlement for forming the parliamentary chamber for a new term of five years.<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.constituteproject.org\/constitution\/Egypt_2019?lang=ar\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 106 of the Egyptian Constitution stipulates that elections must be held at least sixty days before the end of the current chamber&#8217;s term, which makes November 2025 the deadline for holding them. Meanwhile, the political arena is currently witnessing a state of intense anticipation and intensive preparations by all parties, as the dates for submitting candidacy applications have been<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elwatannews.com\/news\/details\/8128378\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">set<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for next October, followed by the campaigning and voting period. For its part, the National Election Authority stresses that it will organise the electoral process precisely in accordance with the law and the Constitution.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under the current system, the number of Senate members is 300, two-thirds of whom were elected by general, secret and direct ballot, half of them by closed list and the other half by the individual system, and the President of the Republic appointed the remaining third. The House of Representatives has 596 seats, elected according to the division of districts into 4 districts under the closed absolute list system and 143 districts under the individual system; the number of seats allocated to its deputies is 284 seats, alongside 284 seats for the lists and 28 seats appointed by the President of the Republic.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many parties began preparations early, by determining and vetting their lists of candidates, in addition to developing their electoral programmes. In light of this, parties are<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/adennews.net\/168104\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">working<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to strengthen their outreach to young people and women as key voting segments, along with preparing teams for campaigning and public communication. While pro-government parties are active in preparing for the elections with an approach of political alliances to achieve the greatest geographical and electoral coverage, through the closed absolute list, independent parties and individual candidates are seeking to strengthen their presence through campaigns on the ground and on social media.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The upcoming parliamentary elections in Egypt are the first legislative entitlement in decades not to be subject to full judicial supervision, owing to the<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.maspero.eg\/radio-and-tv-magazine-politics\/2025\/04\/17\/856100\/%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%B1-5-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A9\"><b> expiry<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the constitutional period that stipulated mandatory judicial supervision of elections for only ten years from the date the 2014 Constitution came into force. Under<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/dostour.eg\/2013\/article_versions\/election-1-2\/\"><b> Article<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 210 of the Constitution, it was required that a member of the judicial bodies supervise every ballot box, to guarantee the integrity of the process, but this article set a time limit for this supervision ending in 2024, which means that any elections held after this date will not be subject to this type of direct judicial oversight.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The absence of judicial supervision has sparked wide controversy in political and legal circles, as some parties and civil society forces<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aawsat.com\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A\/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7\/5128646-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">expressed<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> their fears about its impact on the transparency and integrity of the elections, amid some citizens&#8217; weak confidence in the ability of administrative bodies alone to manage the electoral process without bias or interference. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On the other hand, other parties believe that there is a need to put in place effective alternatives, such as strengthening the role of the National Election Authority and expanding the powers of civil-society and international monitoring, to ensure that integrity continues.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This shift reflects a real institutional challenge facing the Egyptian state, requiring an urgent legislative remedy or a constitutional amendment if it is decided to maintain judicial supervision in the future.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On his expectations for the next parliament, Talaat Khalil says that it is likely to be as bad as its predecessor, as the closed absolute list will bring in MPs approved by the agencies, which entrenches a difficult situation. But he affirms that the opposition will contest the elections in many districts for the individual seats, betting on the awareness of the man in the street and his turning out to choose the opposition&#8217;s representatives. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He explains that pro-government parties are fighting among themselves over dividing up the parliamentary seats as spoils, not out of a desire to serve citizens or the nation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He stresses that the opposition hopes, by taking part in the elections, to regain the trust of the street and to try to bring about change from within. But he points out at the same time that opinion polls reveal citizens&#8217; reluctance, as the majority do not know the date of the parliamentary elections or do not care about it, as a result of the loss of trust in parliament as a legislative institution.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He warns of the danger of this situation continuing, because it deepens the rupture between voters and elected institutions, noting that the loss of trust means that the citizen will not care to turn out or participate, leaving the field to those mobilised through intimidation or for material payment, and expecting this scenario to happen unless there is real intervention.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regarding the turnout rate, Khalil denies the official figures that pointed to 17% in the Senate elections, affirming that in reality it did not exceed 3 to 4%, and considering that what was announced does not reflect the truth. He stresses that the Civil Democratic Movement has no choice but to attempt peaceful change through political participation, in the hope of gradually regaining the satisfaction of the Egyptian street.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In August 2023, the \u201cNational Dialogue\u201d, which brings together a selection of public figures and representatives of political parties,<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aawsat.com\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A\/5128264-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%B7%D8%AF%D9%85-%D8%A8%D9%80%D8%B6%D9%8A%D9%82-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D8%AA\"><b> put<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the file of amending the electoral system up for discussion, but the lack of consensus among political forces prevented reaching an alternative formula enjoying unanimity. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In light of this, the Dialogue&#8217;s board of trustees submitted recommendations to President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi including<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youm7.com\/story\/2023\/8\/18\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%89-%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B9-3-%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%A3%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%89-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3\/6276685\"><b> three<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> proposals for the electoral system. They included: keeping the current system, or switching to a 100% proportional list system in 15 electoral districts, provided that the number of seats in each district is not less than 40 seats, while the third proposal called for adopting a mixed system combining the closed absolute list, the proportional list and the individual system in different proportions. Despite this, the next elections will be held under the system of absolute lists and individual seats, which opposition forces considered an exclusionary mechanism limiting their chances of actual representation. Nevertheless, the Civil Democratic Movement chose this time to enter the electoral race without any of its parties announcing a boycott, in a notable shift from previous positions marked by withdrawal and objection.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1><b>A reading of participation rates: between peak and bottom<\/b><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Participation<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stears.co\/elections\/egypt-legislative-elections-2010\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">rates<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in Egyptian parliamentary elections reveal striking paradoxes over the decades: while they peaked in the (2011-2012) elections at 54%, the first after the January revolution and in a climate of relative political openness, they fell sharply in subsequent elections such as 2015 (28%) and 2020 (29%), while the Senate elections in 2020 and 2025 recorded the lowest levels, at only around 14% and 17% respectively.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The history of Egyptian parliamentary life began with limited<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/data.ipu.org\/parliament\/EG\/EG-LC01\/election\/EG-LC01-E19761028\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">attempts<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the nineteenth century, with the establishment of consultative councils such as the Consultative Assembly of Delegates in 1866. With the 1923 Constitution, Egypt entered a more liberal phase with the establishment of a bicameral parliament (the House of Representatives and the Senate).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> During the monarchy, ten general elections were held for the House of Representatives, characterised by the dominance of the Wafd Party in many sessions, although it was always threatened by royal and British interventions and by the dissolution of parliament more than once. According to historical readings, this phase is considered the most open compared with what followed, despite the limited electoral base and its restriction to certain social groups.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After the 1952 revolution, the royal parliamentary experience<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/masr360.net\/2020\/07\/23\/%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">was abolished<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and replaced by a one-party system; in the 1964 elections, the Arab Socialist Union won almost all the seats in a parliament comprising 350 deputies, half of them workers and farmers. Despite talk of high participation rates (80% according to inaccurate official estimates), the absence of pluralism made parliament<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9_1964\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a mere<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> tool of political mobilisation. Later, under Sadat and then Mubarak, formal pluralism returned, but the National Democratic Party dominated parliament from 1976 until 2010, amid continuous accusations of fraud and a gradual decline in turnout rates, which reached 27% in the 2010 elections, considered the least credible.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The January revolution came to open the door to the first relatively free<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/politics\/2020\/11\/29\/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">elections<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in 2011\u20132012, in which the Muslim Brotherhood achieved a large victory with a participation rate of 54%. But the parliament did not last long and was dissolved by a judicial decision. With the 2014 Constitution, parliament returned in a unicameral form, but it lacked political vitality; in the 2015 and 2020 elections, the pro-government Mostaqbal Watan Party dominated the majority of seats, while participation rates remained low. As for the Senate, which was re-established in 2019, it was unable to attract voters, as its elections recorded the lowest participation rates, reflecting a continuing crisis in Egyptians&#8217; trust in the electoral process.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In conclusion&#8230; a reading of the electoral scene in Egypt reveals a recurring paradox between the constitutional entitlement on the one hand, and the street&#8217;s weak confidence in the usefulness of participation on the other. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While parties are active and political forces prepare for next November&#8217;s battle, the majority of citizens remain either indifferent or sceptical of the integrity of the entire process, relying on previous experiences that reinforced a feeling of exclusion and the absence of real representation, while the upcoming elections appear to be an extension of a deeper crisis in the citizen&#8217;s relationship with elected institutions, a crisis that goes beyond the ballot box to the question of trust in the political system as a whole, which makes the future of parliamentary life contingent on the ability of the state and political forces together to restore the street&#8217;s trust and dispel its feeling of having been let down.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>Editorial correction: The first version of the report stated that the current House of Representatives comprises 448 seats for the individual system and 120 seats for the lists; the correct figures are 284 seats for the individual system and 284 seats for the lists, in addition to 28 appointed members, according to the House of Representatives Law as amended in 2020. The distribution of 448 and 120 applied in the 2015 parliament.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Editorial correction: The first version of the report stated that turnout in the Senate elections in 2020 and 2025 reached around 17%; the correct figures are 14.23% in the first round in 2020 and around 17% in 2025, according to official figures.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Egypt&#8217;s 2025 parliamentary elections: from the absence of trust in parliament and in the integrity of voting, to political money and security pressure, amid an expected limited turnout and fears over the absence of judicial supervision.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":13987,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[412],"tags":[],"kateb":[710],"class_list":["post-17298","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-politics-en","kateb-zawia3-com"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17298","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17298"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17298\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24066,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17298\/revisions\/24066"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13987"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17298"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17298"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17298"},{"taxonomy":"kateb","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kateb?post=17298"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}