{"id":18610,"date":"2024-04-21T18:17:42","date_gmt":"2024-04-21T16:17:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/?p=18610"},"modified":"2026-10-09T04:37:33","modified_gmt":"2026-10-09T02:37:33","slug":"carsharing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/carsharing\/","title":{"rendered":"Ride-Sharing Companies in Egypt: Missing Safety and Absent Oversight"},"content":{"rendered":"

Researcher Omaima Emad helped gather and analyse the information and conduct this investigation<\/strong><\/p>\n

Suspicious, offensive glances through the mirror left Tahani Lasheen anxious and tense, before she asked the driver of the car she had taken on her trip from her home to a shop to stop those looks and concentrate on the road. But the driver’s reply was laden with mockery, sarcasm and insults, so she asked him to stop immediately, ended the trip and left the car.<\/p>\n

It was not the first time Lasheen had been through a situation she describes as “confusing and stressful” with technology-based land transport companies. She had experienced a previous incident four years ago, when she ordered a car through one of the smart transport apps after iftar in Ramadan 2020. During the trip, the driver suddenly stopped and she found herself facing an attempted robbery before she managed to escape. She then sent the company a complaint, but it merely directed her to the nearest police station to file a report.<\/p>\n

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Ride-sharing or smart transport companies are companies that provide passenger transport services using mobile phone apps. Uber and Careem launched the first apps to start in the Egyptian market in 2014 in the capital, Cairo, before the number of companies providing the service grew and spread across the country. There is no official statistic on the number of licensed companies in Egypt from 2014 until now, but there are companies<\/a> whose names have stood out in the Egyptian market, including (Uber, inDriver, DiDi, Swvl, Zoom Car, Bolt, Professional Taxi, Egy Taxi, London Taxi, Dabsy).<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

In recent years, citizens’ complaints about what they are subjected to during the service have increased<\/a>, amid a complete absence of safety and security measures during their trips and without any real intervention by either the companies or the state to curb these violations. For example, the prosecution’s investigations in the case of Habiba El-Shamaa revealed that 13 other women had filed complaints<\/a> with Uber against the accused driver but had not yet received a response, and there is no official statistic on the number of formal complaints customers file with ride-sharing companies.<\/p>\n

In this investigation, Zawia3<\/strong> documents the violations citizens in Egypt are subjected to while using technology-based ride-sharing services, the reasons that led to these violations, which ranged from harassment to theft and exploitation, and the extent to which companies and the state intervene to stop them.<\/p>\n

To that end, we interviewed citizens and conducted an opinion survey targeting 100 citizens. The sample was selected by posting the survey in ten groups on Facebook, which include a number of women and men of different ages, backgrounds and occupations.<\/p>\n

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Theft, Harassment and Other Violations<\/h3>\n

In recent years, complaints about the violations citizens are subjected to during their trips have increased, ranging from harassment, theft, threats, exploitation and more. Bothaina Saeed, an Egyptian woman in her forties living in Sheikh Zayed, Giza Governorate, was robbed by a driver from one of the ride-sharing companies.<\/p>\n

Bothaina, who works in beauty and hairdressing, recounts what happened to her: “I ordered a car on the Uber app while going to a shopping street in Mohandessin, Giza. After the trip ended and I got out of the car, I discovered that my phone was not with me. I quickly called my number and the driver answered, confirming that he had found the phone, and we agreed to meet so I could get my phone back after he finished the trip he was on”.<\/p>\n

She continued: “A few hours later I tried to contact him again, but I found my phone switched off, which led me to go to the nearest branch of the telecom company, where I got a new SIM card. I used another phone I had and recovered all my accounts, including the Uber account, and I was able to contact the driver, but I was surprised that he denied everything we had agreed on, denied having my phone and insisted on his denial. This led me to go to the police station and file a report on the incident, but to no avail. Although a long time has passed, the incident has not been investigated”.<\/p>\n

Saeed stresses that she went to Uber’s headquarters at the time, on Mohamed Mahmoud Street off Tahrir Square, but to no avail. She adds: “I now use another app instead of Uber, as I rely heavily on such apps to get around because of the nature of my work”.<\/p>\n

Germine Ghobrial recounts what her sister and her child went through with a DiDi driver: “My sister went to pick up my child from nursery and ordered a car using the DiDi app. She then asked the driver to turn on the air conditioning because of the high temperature that day, but she was surprised when the driver refused, telling her that turning on the air conditioning would cost extra”.<\/p>\n

She adds: “My sister asked the driver to stop and cancel the trip because she could not continue without air conditioning given the high temperature inside the car, especially as the child could not bear the heat, but the driver met her request with insults, abuse and severe, unjustified anger.” She then took the usual step of filing a complaint with the company responsible, but its response was unexpected: it sent credit worth EGP 10 as financial compensation, without any other consideration or steps.<\/p>\n

\"Distribution<\/p>\n

On Monday 15 April, the Cairo Criminal Court sentenced<\/a> the Uber driver accused in the death of Habiba El-Shamaa to 15 years in a maximum-security prison, revocation of his driving licence and a fine of EGP 50,000.<\/p>\n

Habiba El-Shamaa<\/a> died in mid-March after her health deteriorated as a result of jumping out of a ride-hailing car, fearing an attempt by the driver to kidnap her, after he sprayed an air freshener inside the car while driving at high speed on the Suez Road, which terrified the young woman and pushed her to jump out. As a result, she suffered a brain haemorrhage and impaired consciousness, and Habiba remained unconscious for three weeks before she died.<\/p>\n

Mohamed El-Amin, the lawyer for Habiba El-Shamaa’s family, had filed an official complaint against Uber’s legal representative in the United States and his counterpart in Egypt, accusing the company and the driver of negligence and endangering the lives of others, after it was proven that the accused driver had taken drugs, demanding civil compensation and holding the company responsible for all legal consequences.<\/p>\n

A few days after Habiba El-Shamaa’s death, the security services arrested<\/a> a DiDi driver accused of harassing and attempting to indecently assault a female student while driving her from the Canadian University to her home in 6th of October City during the daytime in Ramadan, before the student decided to reconcile with him<\/a> and drop the complaint filed against him.<\/p>\n

Yara, a dentistry student at the Canadian University, had taken a car belonging to the ride-hailing company DiDi from in front of her home in 6th of October City, heading to her faculty.<\/p>\n

According to what the dentistry student stated in the investigations before deciding to drop the case, during the trip the driver tried to assault her after pulling down his trousers inside the car, which terrified her, and she called for help by reporting to the security services.<\/p>\n

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Incomplete Safety and Lost Rights<\/h3>\n

Following the Habiba El-Shamaa incident, complaints poured in from citizens on social media about the reactions of ride-sharing company drivers. Despite the variety of complaints and reasons, most agreed on the decline in the level of safety in the service these companies provide, in addition to their lack of concern for providing a higher level of safety, as well as the Egyptian authorities’ lack of concern for providing mechanisms to secure the companies’ users despite the growing complaints and suffering.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
100 citizens took part in a non-scientific survey we conducted through various groups on Facebook. Its results showed that 54% of participants had faced crises and problems while using the service, compared with 46% who had not faced any crises or problems during the trip.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

The largest share of those who faced problems and violations during the service were men, at 56.35%, while women were exposed to violations and crises at a lower rate of 52.90%.<\/p>\n

According to the survey results, the largest share of participants resort to technology-based ride-sharing services because of the speed and ease the service offers, as 74% of participants confirmed that despite the crises and problems they face they still use the service, while 58% of participants said they were not satisfied with the service and rated it “poor”, and only 1% considered the service excellent.<\/p>\n

The violations users were subjected to varied between (harassment, verbal violence, theft, thuggery), while the largest share fell under other violations, at 64.81%; these others ranged from reckless speeding, refusal to complete the trip because of road conditions, smoking despite the customer’s objection, interference in private life, quarrels over the customer’s wish to pay by card, and others.<\/p>\n

It is worth noting that most of those who filled in the survey were women, at 68% compared with 32% men, which indicates the likelihood that the largest share of customers of technology-based land transport services in Egypt are women, given the ease of movement this service provides away from the crowding of public transport.<\/p>\n

\"Survey:<\/p>\n

Commenting, Aya Hamdy, a lawyer before the High Court of Appeal and the State Council, believes that Habiba El-Shamaa’s incident with the Uber driver confirmed that citizens in general, and women in particular, need technological protection mechanisms when using private transport. She adds that there are some safety measures that should be available: first, a request from the company to track the customer’s route with the driver; second, turning on the camera with the customer’s permission during the trip for safety. These measures are simple technological protection mechanisms, and at the same time they could help avoid a repeat of the Habiba El-Shamaa incident.<\/p>\n

On how to act if a driver commits a violation against customers, especially women, she adds: “Women, if subjected to any violation, whether harassment, insults, abuse or attempted kidnapping, should try as far as possible to turn on the mobile phone camera, start a live broadcast and threaten the driver with calling the emergency police, and if the car window is open, they should scream and call for help from passers-by in the street. These methods make the driver stop immediately, for fear of what he would face”.<\/p>\n

On the legal side, she goes on: “The first thing a young woman should do if she is subjected to a violation during the trip is to keep the car’s details and description, and go to the nearest police station and file an official report attaching all the recordings the customer made during the trip. These measures are considered evidence against the driver that the incident occurred, whether a violation or a threat to the customer’s life.” She stresses the need to inform at least one family member of the trip’s route, especially over long distances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
According to the survey, nearly 70% of participants called for safety measures to be provided inside cars operating within technology-based land transport services. Among the participants’ suggestions was the need to provide customer service specialised in receiving customer complaints and responding to them within a specific period.<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Survey participants called for making it easier to obtain drivers’ details (a copy of their ID card or licence) so that legal complaints or police reports can easily be filed if necessary; providing other features in the apps to offer more safety, especially for women; applying to those who work for ride-hailing companies the usual mandatory procedures in all companies, such as the driver submitting full identity papers and a criminal record certificate; providing female drivers; installing a camera in the car that is switched on with the passenger’s permission; having a direct link to the security services inside the app; and providing a quick way to report when feeling in danger or to file a complaint and receive an immediate response, among other proposals aimed at raising safety levels.<\/p>\n

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Fake Accounts<\/h3>\n

Mahmoud Tawfik, who works at a law firm in downtown Cairo, recounts what happened to him during a trip with an Uber driver: “I ordered a trip through the Uber app, and during the trip we passed a police checkpoint. The police officer asked the driver whether he had any judicial or criminal records, but the driver flatly denied it, insisting that his criminal record was completely clean”.<\/p>\n

He goes on: “The officer did not want to delay the trip and let us pass without checking the driver’s ID card, but after we passed the checkpoint I was surprised when the driver told me he had been convicted in drug cases, which astonished me, especially since Uber requires a criminal record certificate before opening accounts and starting work. He replied that he does not own the account”.<\/p>\n

For his part, Ahmed Abdel Salam, who lives in a district in southern Cairo and works for a private company as his main job and as a driver on a number of apps as extra work to increase his income, confirms the truth of what happened to Mahmoud during his trip.<\/p>\n

He says: “From my years of working on an app like Uber, and recently DiDi, I can say that the results of car inspection papers can be forged, especially since the companies accept the papers drivers submit without verifying them. In addition, fake accounts are widespread among drivers on all the apps, and there are companies whose line of work is based on this: they create accounts under false names and hand them over to other people to use and work through”.<\/p>\n

He recounts his own experience: “My Uber account was closed because my car’s tyres were not original. A few days later, I found a company contacting me offering a new account to work through for EGP 900; that was about two years ago.” He explains that the danger of drivers buying fake accounts lies in the driver working with another person’s account, which means that all the data available to the customer in this case has nothing to do with the driver, making it difficult for the customer to complain and take any action against the offending driver or the person committing the violation.<\/p>\n

Through groups created on Facebook bringing together a large number of drivers or people wishing to work as technology-based ride-sharing drivers, such as the group (Smart Transport Captains’ Problems<\/a>), various advertisements from different sources but with similar content spread, offering to lift the ban a driver had received from the company because of his violations and infringements, as well as helping drivers prepare the papers required to be submitted to the companies, in addition to car inspection facilitation.<\/p>\n

Zawia3 contacted an advertisement<\/a> through the phone number one of the advertisers left in a Facebook group. The advertiser, who preferred not to give any details revealing his identity, confirmed his readiness to provide facilitation for registering on the Uber, DiDi and inDriver apps for a fee ranging between EGP 800 and EGP 1,200, with the amount determined according to the procedure taken.<\/strong><\/p>\n

The advertiser confirmed that EGP 800 is the fee for opening an account if all the car’s and the driver’s papers are in order, while EGP 1,200 is paid for facilitating the “Nasita” inspection of the car that will work in the ride-sharing service, stressing that an advance payment for the service must be made via Vodafone Cash before any steps or procedures.<\/p>\n

The Nasita<\/a> inspection is a check of several different elements of the car, including (the braking system, the steering system, vehicle lights, seat belts, wheels and tyres, the exhaust system and exhaust emissions, the vehicle’s exterior body and corrosion, lighting and signalling systems… and others).<\/p>\n

Another advertiser we contacted, who also preferred not to give his name, says: “If the car model is old, it will not be accepted in Uber’s inspection, so we can change the model to a newer one in the papers submitted to the company, or start an account for the driver with another car’s papers for a higher fee of up to EGP 1,500. If the driver has criminal problems, for EGP 300 we can obtain a criminal record certificate free of any convictions”.<\/p>\n

The Financial Affairs Prosecution<\/a> is preparing to refer the defendant in the Habiba El-Shamaa incident, in a new case of “forging official documents to work at Uber”, to the Economic Court to set a date for his trial on the charges against him.<\/p>\n

Uber’s legal representative had testified that the defendant in the Habiba El-Shamaa incident had previously had his account on the company’s app closed because of numerous complaints from app users against him, but he created another account using a different national ID number, through which he was able to use the app again. The Public Prosecution made a copy of the papers dedicated to investigating that forgery, and also reviewed the complaints filed against the defendant at the company he worked for, finding among them a complaint from a woman who stated that he had physically harassed her.<\/p>\n

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Parliamentary Moves “Marginal, Without Touching the Law”<\/h3>\n

Following the incident that cost Habiba El-Shamaa her life, MP Olfat El-Mazlawy, secretary of the House Manpower Committee, submitted<\/a> an urgent statement to Counsellor Hanafy Gebaly, Speaker of the House of Representatives, addressed to the Minister of Communications and the relevant authorities, on opening the files of Uber, inDriver and DiDi and subjecting drivers to drug tests before hiring them.<\/p>\n

In press<\/a> statements, MP Taha El-Nazer, a member of the House of Representatives, said that the system of smart transport companies would be amended to prevent a repeat of the incidents, noting that the House Communications Committee had begun moving to amend the service. He pointed to adding a distress or help button inside the app to ensure rapid intervention, to be activated on the system of the smart transport network, as well as adding software to monitor the entire trip. He explained that there would be full monitoring of the trip from start to finish, as well as providing safety for the driver and placing a barrier between the customer and the driver.<\/p>\n

It is worth noting that in July 2020, Ahmed Samir Farag, acting head of the Consumer Protection Agency, announced<\/a> that Uber had been obliged to increase safety features for consumers, after summoning Uber to examine a complaint by a woman that had spread on Facebook, in which she complained about the poor service she received. She had tagged the agency in an attempt to seek help, as the company had not responded to her and refused to provide her with the driver’s details so she could file a report at the police station.<\/p>\n

The acting head of the Consumer Protection Agency had announced that it had been agreed with the company to activate the emergency feature in the app, allowing customers who may not feel safe during the trip to contact a specialised team within a few minutes for help without the driver’s knowledge. The company pledged to complete the activation of this feature, at the agency’s request, before the end of August 2020, which has not happened to date.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Commercial land transport is regulated by Law<\/a> No. 87 of 2018 on regulating passenger land transport services using information technology. The law was issued nearly three years after Uber and Careem began operating in Egypt.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Although there is a law regulating the work of these companies, legal experts believe that the law focused on licences and how to collect taxes and money from the companies, and did not take into account providing safety mechanisms for citizens using the service.<\/p>\n

Human rights lawyer Khaled El-Ansary says: “We have had a law regulating the work of private land transport companies in Egypt since 2018, but it was imposed in a hurry, trying to regulate the relationship between the state and land transport companies regarding taxes, licences and fees. On the other hand, the law contained many shortcomings regarding the regulation of the relationship between land transport companies and customers, and between land transport companies and workers”.<\/p>\n

The human rights lawyer adds: To protect customers we need to start with the driver himself, with strict rules for selecting him, in addition to periodic medical and psychological examinations to ensure his fitness for work. It is important that the worker\/driver enjoys social and health protection and insurance against accident risks, along with round-the-clock periodic monitoring at work to follow the performance of companies’ workers, as well as the need for a rapid intervention team in coordination with the competent security services in case of any problems, and the need to record the trip in audio and video with the company, the customer and the worker. He calls on the legislative authority to intervene and amend Law No. 87 of 2018 as soon as possible to make land transport companies directly responsible for the results of any crimes that occur as long as those companies have not taken the necessary measures to prevent them.<\/p>\n

He explains that the amendment should set out the measures companies must take in selecting and protecting the worker and in protecting customers, and that the companies’ technology should be relied on for their protection. There should also be an official representative or agent of these companies in Egypt, not only through the app or through so-called “outsourcing” companies.<\/p>\n

For our part, we tried to contact representatives of Uber, DiDi and inDrive to learn the initial steps they had taken to limit the recurrence of such incidents, but we were unable to obtain any response, since there is no customer service in the DiDi and inDriver apps, while Uber had not responded to us by the time of writing this investigation.<\/p>\n

On the importance of amending the law to curb these crimes, MP Maha Abdel Nasser, a member of the House of Representatives for the Egyptian Social Democratic Party, believes that: “The law itself has executive regulations containing articles that have not yet been applied, and what is needed now is to apply the law; there are laws that are not activated in the first place.” She points out that the law’s executive regulations include many procedures for the executive authority, including monitoring.<\/p>\n

She explains that the Ministry of Transport is responsible for the smart transport sector, and that there is a Ministry of Justice decision granting 22 employees of the Domestic and International Land Transport Regulatory Agency the status of judicial officers, which has not been activated. She believes that the violations committed by drivers of land transport companies are individual and not widespread. Uber’s representative was summoned to appear before the House Communications and Information Technology Committee, which discussed all the details of the incident, the importance of customer safety and working to prevent a repeat of the Habiba El-Shamaa incident. She adds: “We all have reservations about the level of service and its decline in recent years, which I told Uber’s representative, but on the other hand it is still the best,” stressing that the company will work to update the service by providing a safety button that a customer who feels in danger can press, connected to the company and the Ministry of Interior, which can dispatch the emergency police.<\/p>\n

On the other hand, human rights lawyer Hala Doma believes that the law in its current form is insufficient because it is concerned with traffic violations and how to collect fines and taxes, that is, how to collect money from these companies, but it did not address controls and safety procedures, which opened the door for these companies to set regulations and controls according to their whims.<\/p>\n

She points to the need for general controls and unified mechanisms applied to all companies, and for controls on the companies’ constant amendment of their regulations without regard for the customer. For example, “the absence of customer service or a means of communication with some companies makes it difficult to file and follow up complaints, which happened to me personally”.<\/p>\n

On criminal and civil liability, Aya Hamdy, a lawyer before the High Court of Appeal and the State Council, says: “Ride-sharing companies in law are legal persons, not natural persons, and the rule in Egyptian law is that it does not recognise the criminal liability of legal persons, meaning they are not held criminally accountable for crimes committed by their employees in the course of their work; rather, the perpetrator of the crime is held personally responsible. On this basis, no criminal penalty is imposed on them, which is why no criminal penalty was imposed on Uber in the Habiba El-Shamaa incident”.<\/p>\n

As for civil accountability, Hamdy explained that Uber can legally be held civilly liable as “a principal responsible for the acts of its agent” (the accused driver), especially given previous complaints filed against the defendant that the company did not investigate or act on. The legal basis for this is that the relationship of subordination rests on the existence of authority of supervision and direction, with the principal having actual authority to issue orders to the agent on how to perform a particular task carried out on the principal’s behalf, and to supervise him in carrying out these orders and hold him accountable if he departs from them, even if the principal was not free to choose the agent, in accordance with Article 174 of the Civil Code. Therefore, according to Hamdy, Uber bears civil liability and can be sued for compensation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ride-sharing began in Egypt through Uber for the first time in 2014, nearly five years after the company was founded in the United States, followed by Careem, founded in Dubai in 2012. The two companies began regularising their status after a dispute with the Egyptian government, as their operating licences were suspended and the apps or programmes they use were halted under a court ruling<\/a> by the Administrative Court in 2018, on the grounds of violating the traffic law, following demands by white taxi drivers to stop their operations because of the negative impact these companies had on taxi drivers and their failure to comply with the rules of the law itself.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

In the same year, the Egyptian Ministry of Transport began implementing Law<\/a> No. 87 of 2018 on regulating passenger land transport using information technology, which allowed the two companies to operate under the umbrella of this law. After the law was passed, Uber acquired Careem in a deal exceeding USD 3 billion. In September 2019, Prime Minister Mostafa Madbouly issued the executive regulations for applying the provisions of the law regulating land transport using information technology, consisting of 35 articles.<\/p>\n

Despite the laws referred to in our investigation, the legislator has not yet introduced any articles that would oblige ride-sharing companies to provide stronger protection for customers, especially women, while complaints grow every day about harassment and violations female customers are subjected to by drivers. So when will the authorities pay attention to solving this problem?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Harassment, theft and fake driver accounts expose safety gaps in Egypt’s ride-sharing apps, as the law focuses on licences and fees rather than passengers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8784,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[410],"tags":[19929,19923,19927,19924,19926,19928,19925,19921,19930,19922],"kateb":[728],"class_list":["post-18610","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-investigations-en","tag-consumer-protection-agency-egypt","tag-didi-egypt","tag-fake-driver-accounts","tag-habiba-el-shamaa","tag-harassment-in-ride-hailing","tag-law-87-of-2018","tag-passenger-safety","tag-ride-sharing-egypt","tag-smart-transport-apps","tag-uber-egypt","kateb-shimaa-hamdy"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/\u0646\u0642\u0644-\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a-\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629-\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18610","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18610"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18610\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19128,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18610\/revisions\/19128"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8784"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18610"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18610"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18610"},{"taxonomy":"kateb","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zawia3.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kateb?post=18610"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}